HIV Infection and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current Status, Challenges and Opportunities.
HIV Infection and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current Status, Challenges and Opportunities.
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撒哈拉以南非洲的艾滋病毒感染和艾滋病：当前的状况，挑战和机遇。
DOI：
10.2174/1874613601610010034
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Karim QA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kharsany AB;Karim QA
全球艾滋病毒感染趋势表明，艾滋病毒流行率总体上升，与艾滋病有关的死亡人数大幅下降，这主要归因于抗逆转录病毒治疗的生存益处。撒哈拉以南非洲的艾滋病毒负担不成比例，占全球感染负担的70%以上。撒哈拉以南非洲在预防艾滋病毒方面取得的成功有可能对全球艾滋病毒负担产生影响。尽管在扩大抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)方面取得了实质性进展，但在2013年150万艾滋病相关死亡病例中，撒哈拉以南非洲地区占了74%。据估计，全球每天发生6000例新感染病例，其中三分之二发生在撒哈拉以南非洲，年轻女性继续承受着不成比例的负担。与男性同龄人相比，15-24岁的青春期女孩和年轻妇女的艾滋病毒感染率高出8倍。在妇女发起的艾滋病毒预防技术方面仍然存在差距，特别是对于那些无法就目前的艾滋病毒预防选择进行谈判的妇女来说，这些选择包括禁欲、行为改变、避孕套和医疗男性包皮环切术或在其关系中开始早期治疗。除非我们能够预防年轻妇女感染艾滋病毒，否则不可能实现没有艾滋病的一代。这项审查将侧重于撒哈拉以南非洲艾滋病毒感染的流行病学、持续高发病率的主要驱动因素、死亡率以及改变该区域目前流行轨迹的优先事项。其中包括优化利用现有资源和日益有限的资源的战略。
Global trends in HIV infection demonstrate an overall increase in HIV prevalence and substantial declines in AIDS related deaths largely attributable to the survival benefits of antiretroviral treatment. Sub-Saharan Africa carries a disproportionate burden of HIV, accounting for more than 70% of the global burden of infection. Success in HIV prevention in sub-Saharan Africa has the potential to impact on the global burden of HIV. Notwithstanding substantial progress in scaling up antiretroviral therapy (ART), sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 74% of the 1.5 million AIDS related deaths in 2013. Of the estimated 6000 new infections that occur globally each day, two out of three are in sub-Saharan Africa with young women continuing to bear a disproportionate burden. Adolescent girls and young women aged 15-24 years have up to eight fold higher rates of HIV infection compared to their male peers. There remains a gap in women initiated HIV prevention technologies especially for women who are unable to negotiate the current HIV prevention options of abstinence, behavior change, condoms and medical male circumcision or early treatment initiation in their relationships. The possibility of an AIDS free generation cannot be realized unless we are able to prevent HIV infection in young women. This review will focus on the epidemiology of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa, key drivers of the continued high incidence, mortality rates and priorities for altering current epidemic trajectory in the region. Strategies for optimizing the use of existing and increasingly limited resources are included.