Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Persistence across Indoor Surface Materials Reveals Best Practices for Environmental Monitoring Programs.
Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Persistence across Indoor Surface Materials Reveals Best Practices for Environmental Monitoring Programs.
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DOI：
10.1128/msystems.01136-21
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发表时间：
2021-12-21
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Knight R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Salido RA;Cantú VJ;Clark AE;Leibel SL;Foroughishafiei A;Saha A;Hakim A;Nouri A;Lastrella AL;Castro-Martínez A;Plascencia A;Kapadia BK;Xia B;Ruiz CA;Marotz CA;Maunder D;Lawrence ES;Smoot EW;Eisner E;Crescini ES;Kohn L;Franco Vargas L;Chacón M;Betty M;Machnicki M;Wu MY;Baer NA;Belda-Ferre P;De Hoff P;Seaver P;Ostrander RT;Tsai R;Sathe S;Aigner S;Morgan SC;Ngo TT;Barber T;Cheung W;Carlin AF;Yeo GW;Laurent LC;Fielding-Miller R;Knight R
公共场所的环境监测可用于识别被 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 患者污染的表面，并为适当的感染缓解措施提供信息。研究小组报告称，在病毒沉积几天或几周后，在表面上检测到了严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2)，这使得很难估计感染者何时可能将病毒传播到 SARS-CoV-2 阳性表面，这反过来又使建立有效检疫措施的过程变得复杂。在这项研究中，我们确定，在 7 天的监测中，对热灭活颗粒中的病毒 RNA 进行逆转录定量 PCR (RT-qPCR) 检测，在 9 个测试表面中的 8 个表面上的衰减最小。研究表面的特性导致 RT-qPCR 特征可以分为两种材料类别：粗糙和光滑，其中光滑表面的检测限较低。对于每种材料类别，只需使用一个线性回归模型即可将 RT-qPCR 信号强度（平均定量周期 [Cq]）与表面病毒载量相关联。对每一类别的一个表面上未经处理的病毒颗粒进行了相同的实验，结果基本相同。 RT-qPCR 病毒信号的稳定性表明需要在采样后清洁监测表面以建立时间分辨率。此外，这些发现可用于最大限度地减少测试的材料数量和时间点，并允许在优化环境监测方法时使用热灭活的病毒颗粒。重要性 环境监测是公共卫生监测的重要工具，特别是在诊断检测率低的环境中。对医院或学校等公共环境进行采样与将结果通知利益相关者之间的时间应最短，以便做出遏制 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 爆发的决策。学校安全早期警报计划 (SASEA) (https://saseasystem.org/) 是一项针对小学和儿童保育机构的大规模环境监测工作，已处理了超过 13,000 个 SARS-CoV-2 表面样本，检测了 574 个样本中的病毒信号。然而，连续的检测事件使得本研究有必要针对教室表面上持续存在的病毒信号建立适当的应对措施。其他开发环境监测方法的研究小组和临床实验室可能需要建立自己的 RT-qPCR 结果与病毒载量之间的相关性，但这项工作提供了证明简化实验设计的证据，例如减少测试材料和使用热灭活病毒颗粒。
Environmental monitoring in public spaces can be used to identify surfaces contaminated by persons with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and inform appropriate infection mitigation responses. Research groups have reported detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on surfaces days or weeks after the virus has been deposited, making it difficult to estimate when an infected individual may have shed virus onto a SARS-CoV-2-positive surface, which in turn complicates the process of establishing effective quarantine measures. In this study, we determined that reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) detection of viral RNA from heat-inactivated particles experiences minimal decay over 7 days of monitoring on eight out of nine surfaces tested. The properties of the studied surfaces result in RT-qPCR signatures that can be segregated into two material categories, rough and smooth, where smooth surfaces have a lower limit of detection. RT-qPCR signal intensity (average quantification cycle [Cq]) can be correlated with surface viral load using only one linear regression model per material category. The same experiment was performed with untreated viral particles on one surface from each category, with essentially identical results. The stability of RT-qPCR viral signal demonstrates the need to clean monitored surfaces after sampling to establish temporal resolution. Additionally, these findings can be used to minimize the number of materials and time points tested and allow for the use of heat-inactivated viral particles when optimizing environmental monitoring methods. IMPORTANCE Environmental monitoring is an important tool for public health surveillance, particularly in settings with low rates of diagnostic testing. Time between sampling public environments, such as hospitals or schools, and notifying stakeholders of the results should be minimal, allowing decisions to be made toward containing outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Safer At School Early Alert program (SASEA) (https://saseasystem.org/), a large-scale environmental monitoring effort in elementary school and child care settings, has processed >13,000 surface samples for SARS-CoV-2, detecting viral signals from 574 samples. However, consecutive detection events necessitated the present study to establish appropriate response practices around persistent viral signals on classroom surfaces. Other research groups and clinical labs developing environmental monitoring methods may need to establish their own correlation between RT-qPCR results and viral load, but this work provides evidence justifying simplified experimental designs, like reduced testing materials and the use of heat-inactivated viral particles.