Noninvasive Detection of Cocaine and Heroin Use with Single Fingerprints: Determination of an Environmental Cutoff
Noninvasive Detection of Cocaine and Heroin Use with Single Fingerprints: Determination of an Environmental Cutoff
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DOI：
10.1373/clinchem.2017.281469
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
影响因子：
9.3
通讯作者：
Bailey, Melanie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ismail, Mahado;Stevenson, Derek;Bailey, Melanie
背景：最近的出版物探讨了使用指纹确认药物使用的可能性，但尚未涉及指尖的环境污染。在这里，我们探索了从单个指纹建立药物测试环境截止的可能性。方法：采集50例非吸毒者洗手前后的指纹样本（n = 100），建立可卡因、苯甲酰ecgonine、海洛因和6-单乙酰吗啡的环境截止值和检测方案。通过在与吸毒者握手后测试没有吸毒的志愿者的指纹，这一界限受到了挑战。对32例吸食可卡因和24例吸食海洛因的患者采集指纹进行分析。结果：根据指纹采集是在呈现时采集还是在洗手后采集，需要应用不同的截止值。应用这些截止值，无药志愿者的假阳性率为0%。应用截止值后，患者洗手检出率（与患者证词相比），可卡因使用检出率为87.5%，海洛因使用检出率为100%。结论：指纹图谱显示，与接受调查的初诊吸毒人群相比，证实吸食可卡因、海洛因的患者体内可卡因、海洛因及其代谢物含量均有所增加，并可建立截断点（决策水平）。截止足够健壮，以解释在二次转移后观察到的分析物的小增加。(C) 2018美国临床化学协会
BACKGROUND: Recent publications have explored the possibility of using fingerprints to confirm drug use, but none has yet dealt with environmental contamination from fingertips. Here we explored the possibility of establishing an environmental cutoff for drug testing from a single fingerprint.METHODS: Fingerprint samples (n = 100) were collected from the hands of 50 nondrug users before and after handwashing to establish separate environmental cutoff values and testing protocols for cocaine, benzoylecgonine, heroin, and 6-monoacetylmorphine. The cutoff was challenged by testing the fingerprints of drug-free volunteers after shaking hands with drug users. Fingerprints from patients who testified to taking cocaine (n = 32) and heroin (n = 24) were also collected and analyzed.RESULTS: A different cutoff value needed to be applied, depending on whether the fingerprints were collected as presented or after handwashing. Applying these cutoffs gave a 0% false-positive rate from the drug-free volunteers. After application of the cutoff, the detection rate (compared to patient testimony) for washed hands of patients was 87.5% for cocaine use and 100% for heroin use.CONCLUSIONS: Fingerprints show enhanced levels of cocaine, heroin, and their respective metabolites in patients who testified to taking the substances, compared with the population of naive drug users surveyed, and a cutoff (decision level) can be established. The cutoff is robust enough to account for small increases in analyte observed after secondary transfer. (C) 2018 American Association for Clinical Chemistry