ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION OF PHTHALIC-ACID ESTERS IN SLUDGE
ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION OF PHTHALIC-ACID ESTERS IN SLUDGE
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DOI：
10.1021/es00120a008
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
TIEDJE, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SHELTON, DR;BOYD, SA;TIEDJE, JM
邻苯二甲酸酯（PAE 's）已成为当今工业中最普遍的化学品之一。PAE主要用作增塑剂，可以在每一个主要产品类别中找到：建筑、汽车、家居产品、服装、玩具、包装和医疗产品(1)。1979年PAE的总产量为1.29 X 109磅，邻苯二甲酸二酯（2-乙基己基）占总产量的23%(2)。由于大量生产和广泛分布，PAE已成为无处不在的环境污染物(3)。发现邻苯二甲酸二酯（2-乙基己基）是一种动物致癌物，并有证据表明它也可能导致啮齿动物的出生缺陷或胚胎死亡(4)，这使得人们关注PAE的环境命运。大量研究表明，几种PAE在土壤(5)、天然水（6,7）和废水(7)的好氧条件下以及从这些栖息地分离的纯培养物（8-13）中具有生物降解性。Engelhardt等人(9)、Keyser等人（10）、Engelhardt和Wallnofer(8)的纯培养研究有助于阐明有氧PAE代谢的途径。有些生物选择性地只水解一个酯键，得到邻苯二甲酸二酯和一个醇；然后将酒精用于生长。其他生物能够完全矿化单烷基或二烷基邻苯二甲酸盐。降解途径为：邻苯二甲酸二烷基酯-*邻苯二甲酸-原儿茶酸-*环裂解矿化。相比之下，很少有研究集中在PAE的厌氧命运。Johnson和Lulves(6)研究了淡水水土壤中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸双（2-乙基己基）酯的降解。在厌氧条件下，他们观察到邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的降解与一丁基的短暂积累
Introduction Phthalic acid esters (PAE’s) have become one of the most prevalent classes of chemicals found in industry to-day. Used primarily as plasticizers, PAE’s can be found in every major product category: construction, automotive, household products, apparel, toys, packaging, and medical products (1). Total production of PAE’s in 1979 was 1.29 X 109 lb With bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate accounting for 23% of production (2). As a result of both the large quantities produced and their widespread distribution, the PAE’s have become ubiquitous environmental pollutants (3). Identification of bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate as an animal carcinogen and evidence suggesting that it may also cause birth defects or embryo death in rodents (4) have focused attention on the environmental fate of PAE’s. Numerous studies have demonstrated the biodegrada-bility of several PAE’s under aerobic conditions in soil (5), natural waters (6, 7), and wastewater (7), as well as with pure cultures isolated from these habitats (8-13). Pure culture studies by Engelhardt et al.(9), Keyser et al.(10), and Engelhardt and Wallnofer (8) have helped to elucidate the pathway of aerobic PAE metabolism. Some organisms selectively hydrolyze only one ester bond to give the mo-noalkyl phthalate plus an alcohol; the alcohol is then used for growth. Other organisms are capable of the complete mineralization of either the monoalkyl or dialkyl phthalate. The pathway of degradation is as follows: dialkyl phthalatemonoalkyl phthalate-* phthalic acid—protocatechuic acid-*· ring cleavage and mineralization.By comparison, few studies have concentrated on the anaerobic fate of PAE’s. Johnson and Lulves (6) studied the degradation of di-n-butyl and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in freshwater hydrosoils. Under anaerobic conditions they observed the degradation of di-n-butyl phthalate with the transient accumulation of monobutyl