The Effects of Judge Race and Sex on Pretrial Detention Decisions
The Effects of Judge Race and Sex on Pretrial Detention Decisions
复制标题
法官种族和性别对审前拘留决定的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Matthew E. Baker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ethan D. Boldt;C. L. Boyd;R. Carlos;Matthew E. Baker
摘要审前拘留决定对被告的就业机会、家庭关系、定罪的可能性和刑期长短具有重要影响。虽然先前的研究人员已经评估了存在的差异，在保释决定的基础上，被告和案件的特点，很少有系统的实证关注已支付审前羁押法官在刑事案件诉讼的这一阶段的决定的影响。在这里，我们专注于法官的种族和性别，探索不仅法官的性别和种族的无条件的影响，但也是否这些法官的特点在保释决定的影响是有条件的性别和种族的被告。使用新收集的审前羁押数据从22个联邦地区法院从2003年至2013年，我们实证研究法官和被告的种族和性别的影响，被告是否被释放在自己的担保审判前，或者，相反，给予更惩罚性的审前结果。我们的研究结果表明，重要的法官和陪审员为基础的差异，在保释设置宽大处理提供给被告，包括黑人法官更有可能给予审前释放没有沉重的条件，以白色被告比白色法官。我们还发现，女法官更有可能拘留或要求保释的男性被告和不太可能这样做的女性被告相对于男性法官。
Abstract The pretrial detention decision has critical implications for a defendant’s employment opportunities, family ties, likelihood of conviction, and length of prison sentence. While prior researchers have assessed the disparities that exist in the bail decision based on defendant and case characteristics, little systematic empirical attention has been paid to the effects of the pretrial detention judge on decisions at this stage of criminal case proceedings. Here, we focus specifically on judge race and sex, exploring not only the unconditional effects of judge sex and race but also whether the effects of these judge characteristics at the bail decision are conditioned on the sex and race of the defendant. Using newly collected pretrial detention data from 22 federal district courts from 2003 to 2013, we empirically examine the effects of judge and defendant race and sex on whether defendants are released on their own recognizance before trial or, instead, are given a more punitive pretrial outcome. Our results indicate important judge and defendant-based differences in bail setting leniency provided to defendants including that Black judges are more likely to grant pretrial release without hefty conditions to white defendants than are white judges. We also find that female judges are more likely to detain or require monetary bail for male defendants and less likely to do so for female defendants relative to male judges.