Resource Transfers and Human Life-History Evolution*
Resource Transfers and Human Life-History Evolution*
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资源转移和人类生活史进化*
DOI：
10.1146/annurev-anthro-102214-013938
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
J. Jones
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Jones
生活史进化的正式模型已被用来阐明人类生命周期的特殊性及其与其他分类群的共性。理解当代富裕民族国家的市场经济和全球南方快速变化的人口中的生殖决定，对进化生活史理论提出了特别的挑战，原因如下。这些因素包括：(a)生殖模式变化的速度，(b)生育率从以前的均衡中下降的幅度，以及(c)预期的财富-生育率梯度经常缺失甚至逆转。通过具体地将持久财富和资源转移纳入更传统的生活史模型，这些经验挑战已在越来越大的程度上得到满足。这些相对较新的模型建立在经典生命史理论的基础上，产生了新颖的预测。其中有一项相当有力的预测认为，可遗传财富的存在将降低人们的乐观情绪。
Formal models of life-history evolution have been used to illuminate both the peculiarities of the human life cycle and its commonalities with those of other taxa. Understanding reproductive decisions in both the contemporary market-based economies of wealthy nation-states and rapidly changing populations largely of the Global South presents particular challenges to evolutionary life-history theory for several reasons. These include (a) the rapidity with which reproductive patterns change, (b) the magnitude of fertility reduction from previous equilibria, and (c) the frequent absence or even reversal of expected wealth-fertility gradients. These empirical challenges have been met to an increasing extent by specifically incorporating durable wealth and resource transfers into more traditional life-history models. Such relatively new models build on classical life-history theory to generate novel predictions. Among these are quite robust predictions that the existence of heritable wealth will decrease optim...