Influence Opportunities and the Development of Argumentation Competencies in Childhood
Influence Opportunities and the Development of Argumentation Competencies in Childhood
复制标题
童年时期的影响机会和论证能力的发展
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Susan L. Kline
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Susan L. Kline
辩论能力是否与儿童在生活中拥有的影响机会有关，是本研究的重点。假设是，当孩子有机会发起和评估论证、听到别人提出和审查论证、平等参与解决争端时，孩子就能够发展他们的论证技能。确定了与提案批判性讨论相关的四种论证能力：就问题情况达成共识、倡导提案、促进行为承诺和整合身份。二年级、四年级和六年级的孩子完成了评估他们的影响机会和辩论能力的任务。那些认为自己有很多合作影响机会（即可以相互影响的机会）的孩子比没有这种机会的孩子具有更高度发展的论证能力。正如预测的那样，这种关系是通过问题构思、提案倡导和促进承诺的论证能力而发生的。非合作影响机会的衡量与论证能力无关。总之，结果表明，让儿童有机会影响争论并受到争论影响的讨论可能为儿童发展他们的争论技能提供最佳环境。
Whether argumentation competencies are associated with the kind of influence opportunities children have in their lives is the focus of this study. The hypothesis is that when children have the opportunity to initiate and evaluate arguments, hear others make and examine arguments, and participate equally in resolving disputes, children are able to develop their argument skills. Four argumentation competencies associated with critical discussions of proposals are identified: creating consensus about problematic situations, advocating proposals, facilitating behavioral commitment, and integrating identities. Second, fourth, and sixth grade children completed tasks that assessed their influence opportunities and argument competencies. Children who perceived themselves to have many collaborative influence opportunities, that is, opportunities in which they could engage in mutual influence, had more highly developed argument competencies than children who did not have such opportunities. As predicted, this relationship occurred with the argument competencies of problem conception, proposal advocacy and facilitating commitment. Measures of non-collaborative influence opportunities were not associated with argument competencies. Together, the results suggest that discussions in which children are given the opportunity to influence and be influenced with arguments may provide the best context for children to develop their argument skills.