Relative contributions of goal representation and kinematic information to self-monitoring by chimpanzees and humans
Relative contributions of goal representation and kinematic information to self-monitoring by chimpanzees and humans
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2012.07.006
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发表时间：
2012-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Tomonaga, Masaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaneko, Takaaki;Tomonaga, Masaki
在执行某项操作时，监视与该操作的预期结果相关的反馈非常重要。这个监控过程是分层进行的；也就是说，感觉运动处理发生在较低的水平，而行动目标的概念表征发生在较高的水平。尽管自我监控的等级性质可能源于人类的进化史，但人们对非人类灵长类动物的这种认知过程知之甚少。这项研究表明，黑猩猩和人类的运动学信息和目标表征对自我监控的相对贡献是不同的。两个物种都执行瞄准动作，参与者移动光标来击中目标。此外，同时呈现一个干扰光标，参与者可以区分受他们控制的光标和不受他们控制的光标。结果表明，黑猩猩发现很难确定当干扰器移向目标时它们是否在控制干扰器，即使干扰器的运动学和参与者的动作是分离的。相比之下，无论行动的假定目标和观察到的目标之间有任何重叠，人类都会高效地执行。我们的结果表明，目标表征，而不是运动运动学，是黑猩猩自我监控的主要信息来源，而人类则有效地整合了这两个维度的信息。我们的结果与显示在模仿他人行为过程中存在物种差异的证据相一致，并表明人类已经进化出比黑猩猩更灵活的方式监控运动学的认知能力。 (C) 2012 年爱思唯尔 BM。版权所有。
It is important to monitor feedback related to the intended result of an action while executing that action. This monitoring process occurs hierarchically; that is, sensorimotor processing occurs at a lower level, and conceptual representation of action goals occurs at a higher level. Although the hierarchical nature of self-monitoring may derive from the evolutionary history of humans, little is known about this cognitive process in non-human primates. This study showed that the relative contributions of kinematic information and goal representations to self-monitoring differ for chimpanzees and humans. Both species performed aiming actions whereby participants moved a cursor to hit targets. Additionally, a distractor cursor was presented simultaneously, and participants discriminated the cursor under their control from the cursor not under their control. The results showed that chimpanzees found it difficult to determine whether they were controlling the distractor when it moved toward the target, even though the distractor's kinematics and the participant's actions were dissociated. In contrast, humans performed efficiently regardless of any overlap between the presumptive and observed goals of the action. Our results suggest that goal representation, rather than motor kinematics, is the primary source of information for self-monitoring in chimpanzees, whereas humans efficiently integrate both dimensions of information. Our results are consistent with evidence showing species differences during imitation of others' actions, and suggest that humans have evolved the cognitive capacity to monitor motor kinematics in a more flexible manner than have chimpanzees. (C) 2012 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved.