How does the presence of predators influence the persistence of antipredator behavior?
How does the presence of predators influence the persistence of antipredator behavior?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.08.011
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发表时间：
2006-04-21
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
DaVeiga, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blumstein, DT;Bitton, A;DaVeiga, J
我们开发了一个虚拟世界来研究捕食者对捕食者识别的影响。我们训练了一个神经网络来区分模拟的空中和陆地捕食者和非捕食者的形状。然后，网络的权值被固定在一组自治代理的基因组中。这些动物被要求进食，避免因饥饿而死亡，并通过躲避接近的捕食者来避免捕食。我们系统地改变了捕食者的致命性、突变率、逃离捕食者的成本，以及空中和陆地捕食者的存在或不存在。我们使用方差分析来分析500代选择后的平均再认能力(方向性选择的衡量标准)和再认能力的标准差(一种宽松选择的衡量标准)。突变率和飞行成本对识别能力的平均和标准差的影响最大。所有捕食者的丧失放松了对捕食者识别能力的选择。特定捕食者的丧失对识别能力有复杂的影响。坚持不懈在很大程度上受到逃逸成本的影响。(C)2005爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
We developed a virtual world to study the effect of predators on predator recognition. We trained a neural network to discriminate between the shapes of simulated aerial and terrestrial predators and non-predators. Then, the network's weighting values were fixed into the genomes of a set of autonomous agents. These animats were required to eat, avoid death due to starvation, and avoid predation, by fleeing from approaching predators. We systematically varied the predator's lethality, the mutation rate, the cost of fleeing a predator, and the presence or absence of aerial and terrestrial predators. We used ANOVA to analyse the average recognition ability (a measure of directional selection) and the standard deviation of recognition ability (a measure of relaxed selection) after 500 generations of selection. Mutation rate and the cost of flight had the greatest effect on both the average and standard deviation of recognition abilities. The loss of all predators relaxed selection on predator recognition abilities. The loss of specific predators had complex effects on recognition abilities. Persistence is largely influenced by escape costs. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.