"What" and "where" in the human auditory system
"What" and "where" in the human auditory system
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.211209098
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发表时间：
2001-10-09
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Grady, CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alain, C;Arnott, SR;Grady, CL
通过使用功能磁共振成像和事件相关脑电位来检查声音识别和声音定位依赖于专门的听觉通路的程度。参与者执行了一项S1-S2匹配到样本的任务，其中S1在音高和/或位置上与S2不同。在音高任务中，参与者指出S2的音高是比S1低、相同还是高。在定位任务中，参与者被要求相对于S1定位S2(即向左、相同或向右)。相对于位置，音调处理在听觉皮质和额叶下回产生了更大的激活。相反，确定S2相对于S1的位置会在后颞叶皮质、顶叶皮质和额叶上沟产生更大的激活。对事件相关脑电位(ERPs)的不同任务相关效应从刺激后300ms开始，持续数百毫秒，出现在大脑的前部和后部。在识别和定位相同刺激的过程中，来自两个独立测量的可分离大脑活动的融合证据为人脑中的特殊听觉流提供了强有力的支持。这些发现类似于视觉信息处理的“什么”和“在哪里”的分离，并表明存在类似的功能组织来处理来自听觉通道的信息。
The extent to which sound identification and sound localization depend on specialized auditory pathways was examined by using functional magnetic resonance imaging and event-related brain potentials. Participants performed an S1-S2 match-to-sample task in which S1 differed from S2 in its pitch and/or location. In the pitch task, participants indicated whether S2 was lower, identical, or higher in pitch than S1. In the location task, participants were asked to localize S2 relative to S1 (i.e., leftward, same, or rightward). Relative to location, pitch processing generated greater activation in auditory cortex and the inferior frontal gyrus. Conversely, identifying the location of S2 relative to S1 generated greater activation in posterior temporal cortex, parietal cortex, and the superior frontal sulcus. Differential task-related effects on event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were seen in anterior and posterior brain regions beginning at 300 ms poststimulus and lasting for several hundred milliseconds. The converging evidence from two independent measurements of dissociable brain activity during identification and localization of identical stimuli provides strong support for specialized auditory streams in the human brain. These findings are analogous to the "what" and "where" segregation of visual information processing, and suggest that a similar functional organization exists for processing information from the auditory modality.