Cumulus Convection and Larger Scale Circulations I. Broadscale and Mesoscale Considerations
Cumulus Convection and Larger Scale Circulations I. Broadscale and Mesoscale Considerations
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积云对流和更大规模的环流 I. 大尺度和中尺度考虑
DOI：
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发表时间：
1973
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通讯作者：
W. M. Gray
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. M. Gray
摘要 本文（第一部分）从天气尺度的考虑出发，讨论了夏季热带大气垂直环流模式的大小和影响。第一部分与洛佩兹在配套论文第二部分中讨论的积云规模考虑因素得出的垂直环流模式进行了比较。从天气尺度考虑，我们表明热带地区的云区域内正在发生非常显着的亚天气或局部垂直运动。这种质量抵消的局部上下循环不能通过平均或天气尺度流动模式来解决。这种局部或上下垂直环流的强度可以根据云团尺度（约 4°）质量、水蒸气、能量和降雨蒸发预算来估计。结果与洛佩兹通过对单个积云元素进行建模的独立小规模方法获得的结果非常相似。这种局部垂直循环被证明是主要的基础...
Abstract This paper (part I) is a discussion of the magnitude and implication of the vertical circulation patterns of the summertime tropical atmosphere as derived from synoptic scale considerations. Part I is compared to the vertical circulation patterns derived from cumulus scale considerations as discussed by Lopez in part II, a companion paper. From the synoptic scale considerations, we show that a very significant subsynoptic or local vertical motion is occurring within the cloud regions of the Tropies. This mass-cancelling local up- and-down circulation is not resolved by the mean or synoptic scale flow patterns. The magnitude of this local or up- and-down vertical circulation can be estimated from cloud-cluster scale (approx. 4°) mass, vapor, energy, and rainfall-evaporation budgets. Results are closely comparable to those obtained by Lopez from an independent small-scale approach through modelling of individual cumulus elements. This local vertical circulation is shown to be fundamental for the ma...