Negative Halo Effects in Parent Ratings of ADHD, ODD, and CD
Negative Halo Effects in Parent Ratings of ADHD, ODD, and CD
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DOI：
10.1007/s10862-020-09860-1
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发表时间：
2021-01-04
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Lefler, Elizabeth K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alacha, Helena F.;Lefler, Elizabeth K.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）、对立违抗性障碍（ODD）和行为障碍（CD）是高度共病的，症状有一些相似之处。这些疾病的循证诊断过程包括儿童生活中成年人的评级，以评估不同环境下的行为，因此了解这些评级者如何看待潜在的重叠症状非常重要。研究人员已经确定了ADHD和ODD症状评级的负面光环效应，但在这些先前的研究中尚未检查CD的评级。因此，目前的研究扩展了过去的研究，以检查父母对ADHD的主要多动-冲动表现的评价中的负面光环效应（即，ADHD/HI）、ODD和CD。父母参与者阅读了四个小插曲之一，描绘了一个11岁的男孩表现出ADHD/HI，ODD，CD或典型发展的症状，然后完成了破坏性行为量表。我们发现的总趋势是，相对更严重的疾病（即，CD）人为地夸大了相对不太严重的疾病的评级-或显示出负面的光环效应（即，ADHD/HI），但有一些细微差别，如论文中所讨论的。这些发现解释并验证了临床医生进行循证心理评估以减少误诊机会的重要性。
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and Conduct Disorder (CD) are highly comorbid, with symptoms that share some similarities. The evidence-based diagnostic process for these disorders includes ratings from adults in the child's life to assess behavior across settings, so it is important to understand how these raters think about potentially overlapping symptoms. Researchers have identified negative halo effects in ratings of ADHD and ODD symptoms, but ratings of CD have not been examined in these prior studies. Thus, the current study extended past research to examine negative halo effects in parent ratings of the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation of ADHD (i.e., ADHD/HI), ODD, and CD. Parent participants read one of four vignettes that portrayed an 11-year-old boy displaying symptoms of ADHD/HI, ODD, CD, or typical development, and then completed a disruptive behavior scale. The general trend we found was that the presence of a relatively more severe disorder (i.e., CD) artificially inflated ratings of - or showed a negative halo effect for - the relatively less severe disorder (i.e., ADHD/HI), but with some nuance as discussed in the paper. These findings explain and validate how important it is that clinicians conduct evidence-based psychological assessments to decrease the chance of misdiagnosis.