New evidence from the Qugong site in the central Tibetan Plateau for the prehistoric Highland Silk Road
New evidence from the Qugong site in the central Tibetan Plateau for the prehistoric Highland Silk Road
复制标题
青藏高原中部曲贡遗址为史前高原丝绸之路提供新证据
DOI：
10.1177/0959683620941144
复制
发表时间：
2020-07-17
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Yang, Xiaoyan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gao, Yu;Yang, Jishuai;Yang, Xiaoyan
青藏高原位于欧亚大陆中部，是文化、技术和物种传播的关键地区。然而，由于考古资料的缺乏，高原在史前食物全球化中的作用一直被低估。曲贡遗址是迄今为止在中原地区唯一进行过科学发掘的遗址。它是TP中部最早和最重要的史前定居点之一，木炭可追溯到3750-3500 cal. BP。野生鹿（鹿科）和驯化牦牛（Bos grunniens）和绵羊（Ovis aries）遗骸出土，但没有进行考古植物学研究。在这里，我们提出了新的放射性碳测年烧焦的种子和考古植物学数据的曲贡网站。追溯到3400 cal. BP，有foxtail小米（Setaria italica），高粱小米（Panicum miliaceum），小麦（Triticum aestivum），去壳大麦（Hordeum vulgare），裸大麦（Hordeum vulgaris var.nudum），和苦荞麦（Fagopyrum tataricum）在这个网站确定。我们认为，TP中部的谷子来自TP东部，而这里的小麦和大麦可能来自北方南亚。这表明，在史前时期，东西方文化在公元前4000年晚期通过不同的路线到达了TP中部。这种跨文化交流不仅繁荣了史前中原地区，而且为后来的“高原丝绸之路”奠定了基础。
Located in the central Eurasia, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a key area for the spread of culture, technology, and species. However, the Plateau's role in the prehistoric food globalization has been underestimated due to the lack of archeological materials. The Qugong site was the only scientifically excavated site in the central TP up to now. It is the earliest and among the most important prehistoric settlements in the central TP, with charcoals dated to 3750-3500 cal. BP. Wild deer (Cervidae) and domesticated yak (Bos grunniens) and sheep (Ovis aries) remains were unearthed, but no archeobotanical studies had been conducted. Here we present new radiocarbon dating from charred seeds and archeobotanical data of the Qugong site. Dating back to 3400 cal. BP, there were foxtail millet (Setaria italica), broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), wheat (Triticum aestivum), hulled barley (Hordeum vulgare), naked barley (Hordeum vulgarevar.nudum), and bitter buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) identified at this site. We propose millets in the central TP came from the eastern TP, while wheat and barley here probably came from northern South Asia. It indicates that the Eastern and Western cultures arrived in the central TP in prehistory via different routes in late fourth Millennium BP. The intercultural communications not only flourished the prehistoric central TP but also laid the foundation for the later 'Highland Silk Road'.