A 512 x 512 CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor with integrated ADCs for space science
A 512 x 512 CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor with integrated ADCs for space science
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DOI：
10.1016/s0168-9002(03)01914-4
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发表时间：
2003-10-11
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Mapson-Menard, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Prydderch, ML;Waltham, NJ;Mapson-Menard, H
在过去的几年中，CMOS传感器已被广泛用于消费者应用，但对于科学仪器而言，几乎没有采用。在本文中，我们介绍了用于空间科学应用的单片活性像素传感器（地图）的设计和实验表征。传感器在25克螺距上包含一个525 x 525阵列的像素阵列。每个像素都包含一个检测器，以及用于像素复位，像素选择和电荷到电压转换的三个晶体管。该检测器由四个N-Well/p-Substrate二极管组成，这些二极管结合了最佳电荷收集和低噪声性能。阵列读数是平行列的，具有可调节的增益列放大器和10位单斜率ADC。数据转换是针对所有525像素的同时进行的。可以调整ADC坡度，以便为场景的给定亮度提供最佳的动态范围。数字化数据以3 MHz的10位总线输出。一台芯片状态计算机生成了读数所需的所有控制信号。所有偏差 - 电流和电压都是通过DAC在芯片上生成的，DAC可通过（IC）-C-2兼容接口进行编程。该传感器是在标准的0.5 MUM CMOS技术上设计和制造的。整体模具尺寸为16.7毫米x 19.9毫米，包括相关的读出电子和键垫。初步测试结果表明，全尺度设计效果很好，满足星形跟踪器的需求少于1位噪声，良好的线性和良好的光学性能。 （c）2003 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
In the last few years, CMOS sensors have become widely used for consumer applications, but little has been done for scientific instruments. In this paper we present the design and experimental characterisation of a Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) intended for a space science application. The sensor incorporates a 525 x 525 array of pixels on a 25 gm pitch. Each pixel contains a detector together with three transistors that are used for pixel reset, pixel selection and charge-to-voltage conversion. The detector consists of four n-well/p-substrate diodes combining optimum charge collection and low noise performance. The array readout is column-parallel with adjustable gain column amplifiers and a 10-bit single slope ADC. Data conversion takes place simultaneously for all the 525 pixels in one row. The ADC slope can be adjusted in order to give the best dynamic range for a given brightness of a scene. The digitised data are output on a 10-bit bus at 3 MHz. An on-chip state machine generates all of the control signals needed for the readout. All of the bias - currents and voltages are generated on chip by a DAC that is programmable through an (IC)-C-2 compatible interface. The sensor was designed and fabricated on a standard 0.5 mum CMOS technology. The overall die size is 16.7 mm x 19.9 mm including the associated readout electronics and bond pads. Preliminary test results show that the full-scale design works well, meeting the Star Tracker requirements with less than 1-bit noise, good linearity and good optical performance. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.