Challenges With the Development of Biomaterials for Sustainable Tissue Engineering
Challenges With the Development of Biomaterials for Sustainable Tissue Engineering
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DOI：
10.3389/fbioe.2019.00127
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发表时间：
2019-05-31
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Williams, David F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Williams, David F.
组织工程领域已经诱人地提供了再生新组织的可能性，以治疗人体内的多种疾病和病症。然而，尽管在体外和小动物研究方面取得了重大进展，但实现临床和商业终点的进展一直缓慢，许多人认为，由于存在缺陷的科学依据，可能永远无法达到最终目标，特别是在治疗那些尚未采用可接受的常规疗法的疾病方面。换句话说，可持续的组织工程可能无法用目前的方法实现。这里的主要因素之一是生物材料的选择，通过其作为“支架”的使用，来引导再生过程。多年来，这些生物材料的有效规范尚未得到很好的阐述，生物降解性要求和FDA批准用于医疗器械的要求主导了材料选择过程。本文认为，这些考虑不仅在原则上是错误的，但在实践中适得其反。材料，如许多合成的生物可吸收聚合物，其设计没有生物活性，可以刺激靶细胞表达新的和适当的组织，将是无效的。这里有人认为，传统的“支架”代表了错误的方法，而旨在复制这些靶细胞的小生境或微环境的组织工程模板更有可能成功。
The field of tissue engineering has tantalizingly offered the possibility of regenerating new tissue in order to treat a multitude of diseases and conditions within the human body. Nevertheless, in spite of significant progress with in vitro and small animal studies, progress toward realizing the clinical and commercial endpoints has been slow and many would argue that ultimate goals, especially in treating those conditions which, as yet, do not have acceptable conventional therapies, may never be reached because of flawed scientific rationale. In other words, sustainable tissue engineering may not be achievable with current approaches. One of the major factors here is the choice of biomaterial that is intended, through its use as a "scaffold," to guide the regeneration process. For many years, effective specifications for these biomaterials have not been well-articulated, and the requirements for biodegradability and prior FDA approval for use in medical devices, have dominated material selection processes. This essay argues that these considerations are not only wrong in principle but counter-productive in practice. Materials, such as many synthetic bioabsorbable polymers, which are designed to have no biological activity that could stimulate target cells to express new and appropriate tissue, will not be effective. It is argued here that a traditional 'scaffold' represents the wrong approach, and that tissue-engineering templates that are designed to replicate the niche, or microenvironment, of these target cells are much more likely to succeed.