LoRa-Based Physical Layer Key Generation for Secure V2V/V2I Communications
LoRa-Based Physical Layer Key Generation for Secure V2V/V2I Communications
复制标题
用于安全 V2I/V2V 通信的基于 LoRa 的物理层密钥生成
DOI：
10.3390/s20030682
复制
发表时间：
2020-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Wang, Baosheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Han, Biao;Peng, Sirui;Wang, Baosheng
近年来，车对车（V2V）和车对基础设施（V2I）通信越来越受到业界（如b谷歌和Uber）和政府（如美国交通部）的关注。这些车联网（V2X）技术将广泛应用于未来的自动驾驶汽车。然而，在V2V和V2I系统中，安全问题尚未得到充分解决，特别是在密钥分发和密钥管理方面。物理层密钥生成利用无线信道的互易性和随机性生成安全密钥，为V2V/V2I通信安全提供了可行的解决方案。它是轻量级的、灵活的和动态的。本文将物理层密钥生成引入到V2I和V2V场景中。为了保证V2V/V2I通信的安全，设计了一种基于lora的物理密钥生成方案。该通信基于LoRa （Long Range）协议，能够在远距离测量RSSI （Received Signal Strength Indicator）作为共识信息，从而生成安全密钥。多比特量化算法采用改进的级联密钥协议，生成安全的二进制位密钥。提出的方案提高了密钥的生成速率，并避免了传输过程中的信息泄露。提出的物理层密钥生成方案在V2V/V2I网络系统原型中实现。在V2I和V2V环境中进行的大量实验评估了所提出的密钥生成方案的效率。在真实的室外环境中进行了实验。它的密钥生成速率在我们的V2V/V2I网络系统原型上可以超过10bit /s，在我们的一些实验中可以达到20bit /s。对于二进制密钥序列，它们都通过了美国国家标准与技术研究院（NIST）的一套统计测试。
In recent years, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication brings more and more attention from industry (e.g., Google and Uber) and government (e.g., United States Department of Transportation). These Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technologies are widely adopted in future autonomous vehicles. However, security issues have not been fully addressed in V2V and V2I systems, especially in key distribution and key management. The physical layer key generation, which exploits wireless channel reciprocity and randomness to generate secure keys, provides a feasible solution for secure V2V/V2I communication. It is lightweight, flexible, and dynamic. In this paper, the physical layer key generation is brought to the V2I and V2V scenarios. A LoRa-based physical key generation scheme is designed for securing V2V/V2I communications. The communication is based on Long Range (LoRa) protocol, which is able to measure Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) in long-distance as consensus information to generate secure keys. The multi-bit quantization algorithm, with an improved Cascade key agreement protocol, generates secure binary bit keys. The proposed schemes improved the key generation rate, as well as to avoid information leakage during transmission. The proposed physical layer key generation scheme was implemented in a V2V/V2I network system prototype. The extensive experiments in V2I and V2V environments evaluate the efficiency of the proposed key generation scheme. The experiments in real outdoor environments have been conducted. Its key generation rate could exceed 10 bit/s on our V2V/V2I network system prototype and achieve 20 bit/s in some of our experiments. For binary key sequences, all of them pass the suite of statistical tests from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).