Determination of Pt, Pd and Rh by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) in size-classified urban aerosol samples
Determination of Pt, Pd and Rh by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) in size-classified urban aerosol samples
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DOI：
10.1039/b212218a
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Stingeder, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kanitsar, K;Koellensperger, G;Stingeder, G
Pt，Pd和Rh的浓度水平有关的粒径分布进行了测量，在维也纳气溶胶。2002年夏季，在一个交通繁忙的地区，对城市气溶胶进行了为期1个月的研究。一个6级级联撞击器收集了空气动力学等效直径（aed）为10 μ m的分级颗粒。总悬浮颗粒物（aed v 30 μ m）通过过滤空气（开放式采样头）进行评估。气溶胶样品中Pt、Pd和Rh的分析需要对每种元素采用不同的策略，以获得准确的结果和最大的灵敏度。样品前处理采用微波辅助酸消解法。对于Pd的测定，实施阴离子交换程序。消化的样品通过ICP-SFMS结合超声雾化和膜去溶剂化进行测量，利用该仪器的高分辨率能力测定Rh。Pt和Pd通过同位素稀释（IDMS）定量，Rh通过外部校准定量。Pd、Pt和Rh的检测限分别为0.07、0.06和0.05 pg m（-3）（撞击器基底）和0.18、0.22和0.14 pg m（-3）（开放面采样头基底）。由于铂族元素（PGE）从汽车催化剂排放的机械过程的结果，Pt，Pd和Rh主要存在于城市气溶胶的粗馏分。对撞击器各阶段评估的浓度（aed v 10 mum）进行总结，发现Pt、Pd和Rh的每周平均值分别为4.3 +/- 1.7、2.6 +/- 0.6和0.4 +/- 0.1 pg m（-3）。在一周的时间内，使用开放式采样头（aed v 30 mum）采集的样本的浓度水平明显更高，平均值为38.1 +/- 6.3，14.4 +/- 3.1和6.6 +/- 2.4 pg m（-3）。此外，存在一个集体的小颗粒含有三个研究的PGE。撞击器样品的调查显示，Pt，Rh和Pd的模拟尺寸分布在1-2.15妈妈aed的最大值。这些颗粒是毒理学相关的，因为它们深深地渗透到人的肺部（0.1-2.5 μ m aed的颗粒沉积在肺泡中）。
Pt, Pd and Rh concentration levels related to particle size distribution were measured in Viennese aerosol. The urban aerosol was studied over a period of 1 month during summer 2002 in a heavy traffic area. A 6-stage cascade impactor collected classified particles with aerodynamic equivalent diameter (aed) v 10 mum. Total suspended particulate matter (aed v 30 mum) was assessed by filtering air (open face sampling head). The analysis of Pt, Pd and Rh in aerosol samples required a different strategy for each element to obtain accurate results and maximum sensitivity. Sample preparation was carried out by microwave-assisted acid digestion. For the determination of Pd an anion-exchange procedure was implemented. The digested samples were measured by ICP-SFMS in combination with ultrasonic nebulization and membrane desolvation, utilizing the high-resolution capabilities of this instrument for the determination of Rh. Pt and Pd were quantified by isotope dilution (IDMS), Rh by external calibration. Excellent detection limits of 0.07, 0.06 and 0.05 pg m(-3) (impactor substrates) and 0.18, 0.22, 0.14 pg m(-3) (open face sampling head substrates) for Pd, Pt and Rh, respectively, could be achieved. Since platinum group elements (PGE) are emitted from car catalysts as a result of mechanical processes, Pt, Pd and Rh were mainly found in the coarse fraction of urban aerosol. Summing up the concentrations assessed for the impactor stages (aed v 10 mum) revealed a weekly average of 4.3 +/- 1.7, 2.6 +/- 0.6 and 0.4 +/- 0.1 pg m(-3) for Pt, Pd and Rh respectively. Concentration levels of samples collected with the open face sampling head (aed v 30 mum) over the period of one week were significantly higher with average values of 38.1 +/- 6.3, 14.4 +/- 3.1 and 6.6 +/- 2.4 pg m(-3). Moreover, the presence of a collective of small particles containing the three investigated PGE was shown. Investigation of the impactor samples revealed an analogue size distribution for Pt, Rh and Pd with a maximum at 1-2.15 mum aed. These particles are toxicological relevant, as they penetrate deeply in human lungs (particles of 0.1-2.5 mum aed are deposited in the lung alveoli).