Effects of tillage and cropping sequences on crop production and environmental benefits in the North China Plain
Effects of tillage and cropping sequences on crop production and environmental benefits in the North China Plain
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DOI：
10.1007/s11356-022-23371-4
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发表时间：
2022-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Wen-Xuan Liu;Wen-Sheng Liu;Mu-Yu Yang;Yuxuan Wei;Zhe Chen;A. L. Virk;R. Lal;Xin Zhao;Hailin Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wen-Xuan Liu;Wen-Sheng Liu;Mu-Yu Yang;Yuxuan Wei;Zhe Chen;A. L. Virk;R. Lal;Xin Zhao;Hailin Zhang
温室气体（GHG）排放的持续增长趋势正在加速全球变暖，威胁着粮食安全。必须在地方和全球追求环境效益和可持续粮食生产。为此，2015年在华北平原开展了农艺生产力与环境质量平衡的田间试验。8个处理由2个因素组成，即(1)耕作方式：轮作（RT）和免耕（NT），(2)种植序列（CS）：玉米-小麦-大豆-小麦（MWSW）、大豆-小麦-玉米-小麦（SWMW）、大豆-小麦（SW）和玉米-小麦（MW）。通过碳足迹（CF）、玉米当量经济产量（MEEY）、能源产量（EY）和碳可持续性指数（CSI）等指标对玉米的经济效益和环境效益进行了评价。与NT相比，RT增加了EY和MEEY，但温室气体排放量增加了9.4%。在不同的CSs中，CF值没有显著降低，MW和SWMW的CF值分别最低（2.0 Mg CO2-eq ha−1年−1）和最高（5.6 Mg CO2-eq ha−1年−1）。然而，与大豆相结合的CSs提高了MEEY和净收入，因为它们的价格高于MW。虽然轮作模式下的CSI最高，但与轮作模式相比，以大豆为基础的轮作模式可以抵消旱作模式下CSI的下降。这些研究结果表明，保护性农业（CA）可以增强经济效益和环境效益之间的平衡。如何通过在NCP建立高效的CA系统来实现作物高产，还需要进一步的研究。
The ever-increasing trend of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is accelerating global warming and threatening food security. Environmental benefits and sustainable food production must be pursued locally and globally. Thus, a field experiment was conducted in 2015 to understand how to balance the trade-offs between agronomic productivity and environment quality in the North China Plain (NCP). Eight treatments consisted of two factors, i.e., (1) tillage practices: rotary tillage (RT) and no-till (NT), and (2) cropping sequences (CS): maize–wheat–soybean–wheat (MWSW), soybean–wheat–maize–wheat (SWMW), soybean–wheat (SW), and maize–wheat (MW). The economic and environmental benefits were evaluated by multiple indicators including the carbon footprint (CF), maize equivalent economic yield (MEEY), energy yield (EY), and carbon sustainability index (CSI). Compared with NT, RT increased the EY and MEEY, but emitted 9.4% higher GHGs. Among different CSs, no significant reduction was observed in CF. The lowest (2.0 Mg CO2-eq ha−1year−1) and the highest (5.6 Mg CO2-eq ha−1year−1) CF values were observed under MW and SWMW, respectively. However, CSs with soybean enhanced MEEY and the net revenue due to their higher price compared to that of MW. Although the highest CSI was observed under RT-MW, soybean-based crop rotation could offset the decline in CSI under NT when compared to that for RT. These findings suggest that conservation agriculture (CA) could enhance the balance in trade-offs between economic and environmental benefits. Additional research is needed on how to achieve high crop production by establishing a highly efficient CA system in the NCP.