INFERENCE OF INTENTIONS FROM MOVES IN PRISONERS DILEMMA GAME
INFERENCE OF INTENTIONS FROM MOVES IN PRISONERS DILEMMA GAME
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DOI：
10.1016/0022-1031(70)90052-1
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发表时间：
1970-01-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
STAHELSK.AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KELLEY, HH;STAHELSK.AJ
在学习了PDG后，受试者被呈现给参与者A和B之间的互动短序列。对于每个短序列，他们判断A对关系的意图、它表明了什么意图等信息价值。这些判断为检验归因理论提出的一系列假设提供了证据。A一致的行为比不一致的行为产生更多的信息和共识，这一假设得到了支持。部分支持这样的假设：(1)与B一致的不一致比一致的一致产生更多的信息，以及(2)构成“主动”或偏离B的不一致比构成向B的“模仿”转移的不一致产生更多的信息。当A在序列中的最后动作是竞争性的而不是当它是合作的时，这两种假设都被发现是正确的。没有发现支持这样的假设，即竞争行为被认为是社会上不太受欢迎的，也更不常见，会比合作行为产生更多的信息。更多的结果是关于“按原则行事”的判断，以及关于A对B以后的举动的预期的推断。关于个体归因差异的证据与这样一个命题是一致的，即归因是根据个人对自己行为的内部和外部原因的经验做出的。
After learning the PDG, subjects were presented with short sequences of interaction between players A and B. For each one, they judged its information value as to A's intention for the relationship, what intention it indicated, etc. These judgments provided the evidence for testing a series of hypotheses suggested by attribution theory. Support was obtained for the hypothesis that consistent behavior by A yields more information and consensus than does inconsistent behavior. Partial support was found for the hypotheses that (1) consistent disagreement with B yields greater information than consistent agreement, and (2) inconsistency that constitutes an “initiative” or shift away from B yields greater information than inconsistency that constitutes an “imitative” shift toward B. Both were found to be true when A's final action in the sequence was competitive but not when it was cooperative. No support was found for the hypothesis that competitive behavior, being regarded as less socially desirable and more uncommon, will yield more information than cooperative behavior.Further results are reported on judgments of “acting on principle” and inferences as to A's expectations about B's later moves. Evidence on individual differences in attribution is consistent with the proposition that attributions are made according to the person's experience with internal and external causes of his own behavior.