ON NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL IMMUNITY.
ON NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL IMMUNITY.
复制标题
关于自然和人工免疫。
DOI：
10.1126/science.ns-20.516.356
复制
发表时间：
1892
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
O. Loew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O. Loew
自从大约20年前巴斯德开始广泛的细菌学研究以来，新生的细菌学科学已经发展到巨大的规模，虽然这门科学还处于青年时期，能够得到巨大的发展，但它已经变得非常重要，引起了普遍的兴趣。没有哪一门科学能以如此迅速的发展而自豪。很多调查员。植物学家，考古学家医生和化学家，为把科学提高到一个令人印象深刻的高度贡献了自己的力量。我们在这里命名abo\？e all：C.尼尔杰利R.作者声明：John W.年基”意大利人蒂托尼和卡塔尼，美国人比林斯和狄克逊。日本人北里和坪井，英国人汉金，还有格特纳人希普、肖尔和鲍姆加滕。是科赫发明了分离不同细菌种的极好方法，使我们熟悉了结核杆菌和逗号杆菌;北里首次分离出了流感杆菌和破伤风杆菌;能基、克里格、赫夫特佩和肖尔分离出了不同细菌种的有毒蛋白产物。但实际上是慕尼黑的鲁道夫·艾默里奇教授，他说，”永久的功绩是迈出了成功的第一步，解决了自然和人工免疫的奥秘。我们现在知道，人类和动物的所有疾病中有十分之九是由于某些细菌物种通过肺部或胃进入人体，在血液中繁殖，并产生有毒分泌物，如果没有发生杀死细菌的不良反应，最终攻击神经系统并杀死身体，而它们的有毒分泌物则通过氧化或排泄物被身体排出。在细菌学和医学科学中，这种对抗细菌邪恶行为的反应是最有趣和最奇妙的过程，这个过程被深深的谜团所包围，当动物经历了某种传染病之后，在一定时期内获得了对同一疾病原因的某种抵抗力，这一点变得更加有趣。巴斯德的实验表明，在各种疾病中都是如此。这种通过感染疾病而获得的抵抗力被称为人工免疫。
SINCE the beginning of the extensive bacteriological investigations of Pasteur, about twenty years ago, the new-born science of bacteriology has developed to gigantic proportionst and, although this science is still in its youth and capable of an immense extension, it has become of an extraordinary importance and of universal interest. No other 9cience can boast of such rapid development. Many investigators. botanists, hygienists. physicians, and chemists, haye contributed their share to raise the science to an imposing fi~ ure. We name here abo\? e all: C. Nilgeli. R. Koch, Rudolf Emlnerich~ Hans Buchner, M. Nencki" the Italians Tittoni and Cattani, the Americans Billin~ s and Dixon. the Japanese Kitasato and Tsuboi, the Englishman Hankin, and the Gertnans Hiip~, Scholl, and Baumgarten. It was Koch who invented excellent methods of isolating different bacteria~ pecie8 and made us acquainted witb the bacillus of tuberculosis and the comma-bacillus; Kitasato isolated for the first time the bacillus of influenza and of tetanus (lockjaw); Nencki, Krieger, Hftppe, and Scholl isolated poisonous albuminous products of different bacteria species. But it was essentially Professor Rudolf Emmerich of Munich, l who8e e," erlasting merit it is to have taken the first successfuI steps for solving the mystery of naturaland artificial immunity. We know now that nine-tenths of all diseases of man and animals are due to certain bacteria species that either by the lungs or by the stomach enter the body, multiply in the blood, and yield poisonous secretions that finally attack the nervous system and kill the body if no po\verful reaction sets in that kills the bacteria'while their poisonous secretions are expelled by the body by oxidation or by the excreta.Now, this reaction against bacterial evil-doings is the most interesting and marvellous process in the science of bacteriology and medicine, a process that was surrounded by a deep uly8tery, and the more interesting as it became evident that an animal having passed through a certain infectious disease, had acquired a certain resistance for a cflrtain period against the same cause of disease. Experimentt; of Pasteur had shown this to be the case in various diseases. This resistance gained by passing through an infectious disease is known by the name of artificial immunity.