Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in marine and fresh water biota and in human milk.
Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in marine and fresh water biota and in human milk.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1039/b921910b
复制
发表时间：
2010-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Anneli Sundkvist;U. Olofsson;P. Haglund
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anneli Sundkvist;U. Olofsson;P. Haglund
11种有机磷阻燃剂和增塑剂（OP）的水平和相对比例，其中一些据报道对水生生物有毒，在人类母乳和瑞典湖泊和沿海地区的鱼类和贻贝样本中进行了调查，以评估环境暴露的空间差异和人类暴露的空间和时间差异。一些生物群样本是在已知潜在有机磷来源的地点收集的，但大多数是在背景地点收集的。磷酸三-2-氯异丙酯（TCPP）和磷酸三苯酯（TPP）在生物群中占主导地位，鲈鱼中TCPP的浓度水平为170至770纳克/克，TPP的浓度水平为21至180纳克/克。在牛奶样本中，TCPP（中位数45 ng g（-1））和磷酸三丁酯（中位数12 ng g（-1））是最常见的OP。在来自本底地点的鱼类样本中，大多数有机磷农药的浓度和分布非常相似，表明其来源是扩散性的。然而，在已知来源附近的采样地点的鱼，有显着的差异OP浓度和配置文件。从阿兰达机场接收地表水流鱼显示高水平的OP（10 - 200纳克克（-1）），通常用于飞机液压油。在污水处理厂下游1或2公里处收集的鱼类显示出明显较高的三（2-丁氧基乙基）磷酸盐（TBEP）水平，这是此类工厂流出物中最常见的OP之一。在从不同城镇的妇女获得的牛奶样本中，OP浓度或特征没有明显差异。然而，10年前收集的牛奶中的TBEP水平往往高于最近收集的牛奶。然而，人类通过吃鱼或母乳喂养婴儿接触有机磷农药，与其他潜在来源（如室内灰尘吸入和摄入）相比，似乎并不重要。
The levels and relative proportions of 11 organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers (OPs), some of which are reportedly toxic to aquatic organisms, were investigated in human breast milk and samples of fish and mussels from Swedish lakes and coastal areas in order to assess spatial differences in environmental exposure and spatial and temporal differences in human exposure. Some of the biota samples were collected at locations with known potential sources of OPs, but most were collected in background locations. Tris-2-chloroisopropyl phosphate (TCPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) dominated in the biota with levels ranging from 170 to 770 ng g(-1) for TCPP in perch and between 21 and 180 ng g(-1) for TPP. In milk samples, TCPP (median 45 ng g(-1)) and tributyl phosphate (median 12 ng g(-1)) were the most frequently occurring OPs. Among samples of fish from background locations, the concentrations and profiles of most OPs were quite similar, indicating that their sources were diffuse. However, in fish from sample locations near known sources, there were marked differences in OP concentrations and profiles. Fish from a stream receiving surface water from Arlanda airport displayed high levels of OPs (10 200 ng g(-1)) that are commonly used in aircraft hydraulic fluids. Fish collected at points 1 or 2 km downstream of sewage treatment plants showed significantly higher levels of tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), one of the most typically abundant OP in effluents from such plants. In the milk samples obtained from women in different towns no distinct differences were detected in OP concentrations or profiles. However, the levels of TBEP tended to be higher in milk collected 10 years ago than in milk collected more recently. However, human exposure to OPs through eating fish or to breastfeeding babies seems to be of minor importance in relation to other potential sources, such as indoor dust inhalation and ingestion.