Neutering increases the risk of obesity in male dogs but not in bitches - A cross-sectional study of dog- and owner-related risk factors for obesity in Danish companion dogs
Neutering increases the risk of obesity in male dogs but not in bitches - A cross-sectional study of dog- and owner-related risk factors for obesity in Danish companion dogs
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104730
复制
发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Lund, T. B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bjornvad, C. R.;Gloor, S.;Lund, T. B.
了解犬肥胖的危险因素是有效预防策略的重要先决条件。本研究旨在调查丹麦西兰岛成年伴侣犬的犬类肥胖风险因素。在具有不同社会经济特征的地区的八家伴侣动物兽医诊所中招募并检查了客户拥有的狗（> 2岁且无慢性病）。两名研究人员根据 9 分评分方案对狗的身体状况评分 (BCS) 进行了检查。狗主人回答了一份问卷，其中有以下提示：1）狗的特征，包括中性状态，2）主人的特征，3）喂养和运动习惯以及4）主人对狗的依恋。这些因素对 BCS 和重度/肥胖风险（BCS 评分 7-9）的影响在两项单独的分析中进行了分析。分析中总共包括 268 只狗，其中 20.5% 被发现重度/肥胖。平均 BCS 为 5.46。就狗的特征而言，绝育会显着增加公狗的BCS和重/肥胖的风险，但母狗则不会。老年母犬的BCS和重/肥胖的风险增加，而老年公犬的BCS和重/肥胖风险降低。超重和肥胖主人的狗重/肥胖的风险较高。关于喂养和运动实践，每天只提供一顿饭会增加 BCS 和重/肥胖的风险。放松期间的零食会增加狗体重过重/肥胖的风险。它还增加了狗的BCS，但前提是主人超重或肥胖。每天行走时间的增加会增加狗体重过重/肥胖的风险，但前提是主人超重或肥胖。让狗在花园/财产中自由奔跑可以降低狗体重/肥胖的风险。主人对狗的依恋与狗的BCS或狗的体重/肥胖无关。一个重要而新颖的发现是，绝育会增加公狗超重或肥胖的风险，而无论绝育状态如何，母狗都面临风险。此外，还发现主人的体重状况、喂养方式和狗超重或肥胖的风险之间存在复杂的相互作用，这强调了在未来的前瞻性研究中需要从“同一个健康”的角度考虑伴侣动物肥胖问题。最后，这项研究无法证实犬类肥胖是主人对狗过于依恋的结果。
Knowledge of risk factors for canine obesity is an important pre-requisite of effective preventative strategies. This study aimed to investigate risk factors for canine obesity in adult companion dogs across Zealand, Denmark.Client-owned dogs (> 2 years of age and without chronic illness) were recruited and examined at eight companion animal veterinary practices in areas with varying socio-economic characteristics. The body condition score (BCS) of the dogs was examined by two investigators based on a 9-point scoring scheme. Dog owners answered a questionnaire that had prompts regarding: 1) dog characteristics, including neuter status, 2) owner characteristics, 3) feeding and exercise practices and 4) the owners' attachment to the dog. The effect of these factors on BCS and the risk of being heavy/obese (BCS scores 7-9) were analysed in two separate analyses.A total of 268 dogs were included in the analysis, of which 20.5% were found to be heavy/obese. The average BCS was 5.46. In terms of dog characteristics, neutering dramatically increased both BCS and the risk of being heavy/obese in male dogs but not in bitches. BCS and the risk of being heavy/obese increased in senior bitches and decreased in senior male dogs. The risk of being heavy/obese was higher in dogs with overweight and obese owners. Regarding feeding and exercise practices, providing only one meal per day increased BCS and risk of being heavy/obese. Treats during relaxation increased the risk of dogs being heavy/obese. It also increased the dogs' BCS, but only if the owners were overweight or obese. An increased duration of daily walking increased the risk of the dog being heavy/obese, but only if the owner was overweight or obese. Allowing the dog to run free in the garden/property decreased the risk of the dog being heavy/obese. The owners' attachment to the dog was not associated with the dogs' BCS or dogs' being heavy/obese.An important and novel finding was that neutering increased the risk of being overweight or obese for male dogs while bitches were at risk irrespective of neuter status. Furthermore, a complex interaction between owners' weight status, feeding practices and the risk of dogs being overweight or obese was found, which stresses the need to consider companion animal obesity from a One Health perspective in future prospective studies. Finally, this study was unable to confirm that canine obesity is a product of owners being too attached to their dogs.