Strategies to prevent spread of Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) onto oilseed rape crops in China;: costs and benefits
Strategies to prevent spread of Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) onto oilseed rape crops in China;: costs and benefits
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01841.x
复制
发表时间：
2008-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
White, R. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fitt, B. D. L.;Hu, B. C.;White, R. P.
欧洲的田间试验表明，中国的冬油菜品种对病原体斑点细球腔菌（Leptosphaeria maculans）（茎点霉茎溃疡病的病原体）非常敏感。我国的气候和农艺条件适宜于苜蓿的生长。maculans，因为密切相关但危害较小的病原体L.大裂叶螟发生在那里的冬、春油菜作物上。主效基因抗性。黄斑不持久;当将其引入商业油菜栽培品种中时，由于病原体群体的变化而迅速失效。L.对我国油菜生产的威胁。maculans是通过L.斑疹伤寒已经蔓延到世界其他地区，而以前只有L。加拿大、波兰等国家。建立了描述L.加拿大阿尔伯塔省的黄斑人，基于15年期间收集的调查数据。这些模型被用来估计潜在的传播L。我国长江流域油菜种植区的油菜斑枯病及其相关费用。在中国，预防茎点霉茎溃疡病严重流行的短期策略包括培训推广人员识别疾病症状，以及使用基于PCR的诊断方法检测进口种子上的病原体。长期策略包括引入对L.中国油菜栽培品种中的斑点病作为综合疾病管理计划的一部分。这种战略的成本与茎点霉茎溃疡病流行的成本进行了讨论。
Field experiments in Europe have shown that Chinese cultivars of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) are very susceptible to the pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans (cause of phoma stem canker). Climatic and agronomic conditions in China are suitable for L. maculans since the closely related but less damaging pathogen L. biglobosa occurs on the winter and spring oilseed rape crops there. Major gene resistance to L. maculans is not durable; when introduced into commercial oilseed rape cultivars it is rapidly rendered ineffective by changes in the pathogen population. The threat to Chinese oilseed rape production from L. maculans is illustrated by the way in which L. maculans has spread into other areas of the world where previously only L. biglobosa was present, such as Canada and Poland. Models were developed to describe the spread (in space and time) of L. maculans across Alberta province, Canada, based on survey data collected over a 15-year period. These models were used to estimate the potential spread of L. maculans across the Yangtze river oilseed rape growing areas of China and its associated costs. Short-term strategies to prevent occurrence of severe phoma stem canker epidemics in China include training of extension workers to recognise symptoms of the disease and use of PCR-based diagnostics to detect the pathogen on imported seed. Long-term strategies include the introduction of durable resistance to L. maculans into Chinese oilseed rape cultivars as a component of an integrated disease management programme. The costs of such strategies in relation to costs of a phoma stem canker epidemic are discussed.