Promoting public health legal preparedness for emergencies: review of current trends and their relevance in light of the Ebola crisis.
Promoting public health legal preparedness for emergencies: review of current trends and their relevance in light of the Ebola crisis.
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DOI：
10.3402/gha.v8.28871
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Adini B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen O;Feder-Bubis P;Bar-Dayan Y;Adini B
突发公共卫生法律准备(PHLP)是卫生系统应对措施的核心组成部分。然而，低收入和中等收入国家(LMIC)和发达国家在落实卫生法律准备方面存在差异。本文审查了公共卫生法律准备应对紧急情况的最新趋势，并讨论了其在最近的埃博拉疫情中的作用。使用8个电子数据库和谷歌学者进行了严格的文献审查。结果包括2011至2014年间经过同行评审的英文文章、报告、论文和立场文件。早先有关监管行动的文章也被研究过。在过去十年中，PHLP的重要性有所增加，主要集中在感染-疾病情景上。在小岛屿发展中国家，它主要指的是国际规则的适用，而在发达国家，它侧重于独立立法和创造最有利的条件，以促进有效的应急管理。在发达国家中，美国对卫生法律准备的利用是最先进的，包括创建了一个由四个要素组成的模式：法律、能力、信息和协调。到目前为止，在这一领域只进行了有限的研究。然而，在发达国家和发展中国家，侧重于紧急情况下卫生系统中启动的法规和法律的研究发现不一致和不一致。自2014年以来困扰西非的埃博拉疫情具有全球影响、挑战和类似的结果，这些都是在这项审查中确定的。审查表明，有必要扩大国际条例，深化国家之间的互惠，并审议小岛屿发展中国家的卫生能力，以加强国家卫生安全。建议采用卫生法律准备模式的要素。
Public health legal preparedness (PHLP) for emergencies is a core component of the health system response. However, the implementation of health legal preparedness differs between low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and developed countries. This paper examines recent trends regarding public health legal preparedness for emergencies and discusses its role in the recent Ebola outbreak. A rigorous literature review was conducted using eight electronic databases as well as Google Scholar. The results encompassed peer-reviewed English articles, reports, theses, and position papers dating from 2011 to 2014. Earlier articles concerning regulatory actions were also examined. The importance of PHLP has grown during the past decade and focuses mainly on infection–disease scenarios. Amid LMICs, it mostly refers to application of international regulations, whereas in developed states, it focuses on independent legislation and creation of conditions optimal to promoting an effective emergency management. Among developed countries, the United States’ utilisation of health legal preparedness is the most advanced, including the creation of a model comprising four elements: law, competencies, information, and coordination. Only limited research has been conducted in this field to date. Nevertheless, in both developed and developing states, studies that focused on regulations and laws activated in health systems during emergencies, identified inconsistency and incoherence. The Ebola outbreak plaguing West Africa since 2014 has global implications, challenges and paralleling results, that were identified in this review. The review has shown the need to broaden international regulations, to deepen reciprocity between countries, and to consider LMICs health capacities, in order to strengthen the national health security. Adopting elements of the health legal preparedness model is recommended.