Ecological Indicators of Tourist Impacts in Parks
Ecological Indicators of Tourist Impacts in Parks
复制标题
公园游客影响的生态指标
DOI：
10.1080/14724040308668133
复制
发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
R. Buckley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Buckley
对于公园的旅游业，有许多潜在的生态指标清单尚未在实践中实施，许多管理指标系统几乎没有生态基础或意义，许多关于娱乐影响的生态研究没有提供管理指标。然而，在科学上站得住脚的、可行的和在管理上有价值的指标非常罕见。为旅游业生态标签和环境认证计划制定的大规模指标系统不足以测试公园内的人的影响。监测游客影响需要包含季节周期、长期趋势、极端事件和内部模式的生态基线数据。它需要反映有关保护区的优先保护价值和使用类型的指标，而不仅仅是管理过程。它需要具体的指标，这些指标是有区别的、可量化的、可操作的、敏感的、具有生态意义的、综合的和实际可行的。它需要实验设计，区分游客的影响，从其他来源的变化。感兴趣和有经验的护林员和志愿者可以为这种监测方案作出重大贡献，但可靠的生态监测需要合格的生态学家。
For tourism in parks there are many lists of potential ecological indicators that have not been implemented in practice, many systems of management indicators with little ecological basis or significance, and many ecological studies of recreational impacts that do not provide management indicators. Indicators that are both scientifically defensible and feasible and valuable in management, however, are very rare. Broad-scale indicator systems developed for tourism ecolabels and environmental accreditation schemes are inadequate for testing the impacts of people in parks. Monitoring visitor impacts needs ecological baseline data that incorporate seasonal cycles, long-term trends, extreme events, and internal patterns. It needs indicators that reflect the priority conservation values of the protected areas concerned, and the types of use, not merely management processes. It needs specific indicators that are discriminating, quantifiable, actionable, sensitive, ecologically significant, integrated, and feasible in practice. And it needs experimental design that distinguishes tourist impacts from other sources of variation. Interested and experienced rangers and volunteers can make a major contribution to such monitoring programmes, but reliable ecological monitoring needs qualified ecologists.