Cognitive ability, expertise, and age differences in following air-traffic control instructions
Cognitive ability, expertise, and age differences in following air-traffic control instructions
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DOI：
10.1037/0882-7974.20.1.117
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发表时间：
2005-03-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Yesavage, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taylor, JL;O'Hara, R;Yesavage, JA
认知能力和特定领域专业知识的差异可能有助于解释飞行员表现的年龄差异。飞行员听到空中交通管制员的信息，然后在模拟器中“飞行”时执行它们。信息的长度和语速各不相同。年龄与较低的准确性相关，但未获得预期的年龄X消息难度交互。专业知识，索引的飞行员评级，与更高的准确性，但专业知识并没有减少准确性的年龄差异。年龄对沟通任务准确性的影响在很大程度上可以解释为与年龄相关的工作记忆广度的下降，这反过来又可以解释为速度和干扰控制的下降。结果进行了讨论框架内的刻意练习和认知调解的年龄差异。
Differences in cognitive ability and domain-specific expertise may help explain age differences in pilot performance. Pilots heard air-traffic controller messages and then executed them while "flying" in a simulator. Messages varied in length and speech rate. Age was associated with lower accuracy, but the expected Age X Message Difficulty interactions were not obtained. Expertise, as indexed by pilot ratings, was associated with higher accuracy; yet expertise did not reduce age differences in accuracy. The effect of age on communication task accuracy was largely explainable as an age-associated decrease in working memory span, which in turn was explainable as decreases in both speed and interference control. Results are discussed within frameworks of deliberate practice and cognitive mediation of age differences.