The Perils of Ignoring History: Big Tobacco Played Dirty and Millions Died. How Similar Is Big Food?
The Perils of Ignoring History: Big Tobacco Played Dirty and Millions Died. How Similar Is Big Food?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1468-0009.2009.00555.x
复制
发表时间：
2009-03-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Warner, Kenneth E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brownell, Kelly D.;Warner, Kenneth E.
1954年，烟草业在数百家美国报纸上发表了“对吸烟者的坦率声明”。它指出，公众的健康是该行业最关心的问题，并承诺进行各种善意的改革。随之而来的是数十年的欺骗和行动，造成数百万人死亡。希望食品的历史将被写入不同的，这篇文章既突出了重要的经验教训，可以从烟草的经验教训，并建议采取行动的食品industry.Methods：回顾和分析有关的经验和历史证据烟草和食品行业的做法，信息和战略，以影响公众舆论，立法和监管，诉讼，和科学的行为。烟草业有一个剧本，一个剧本，强调个人责任，支付科学家谁提供的研究，灌输怀疑，批评“垃圾”科学发现与吸烟有关的危害，作出自我监管的承诺，游说与大量资源扼杀政府的行动，介绍“更安全”的产品，同时操纵和否认他们的产品的成瘾性和他们对儿童的营销。食品行业的脚本既类似于烟草行业的脚本，也不同于烟草行业的脚本。结论：食品明显不同于烟草，食品行业在重要方面不同于烟草公司，但这些行业在应对其产品造成伤害的担忧时所采取的行动也有显着的相似之处。由于肥胖现在是一个主要的全球问题，世界不能重复烟草业的历史，在这种历史中，烟草业谈论道德高地，但并没有占领它。
Context: In 1954 the tobacco industry paid to publish the "Frank Statement to Cigarette Smokers" in hundreds of U.S. newspapers. It stated that the public's health was the industry's concern above all others and promised a variety of good-faith changes. What followed were decades of deceit and actions that cost millions of lives. In the hope that the food history will be written differently, this article both highlights important lessons that can be learned from the tobacco experience and recommends actions for the food industry.Methods: A review and analysis of empirical and historical evidence pertaining to tobacco and food industry practices, messages, and strategies to influence public opinion, legislation and regulation, litigation, and the conduct of science.Findings: The tobacco industry had a playbook, a script, that emphasized personal responsibility, paying scientists who delivered research that instilled doubt, criticizing the "junk" science that found harms associated with smoking, making self-regulatory pledges, lobbying with massive resources to stifle government action, introducing "safer" products, and simultaneously manipulating and denying both the addictive nature of their products and their marketing to children. The script of the food industry is both similar to and different from the tobacco industry script.Conclusions: Food is obviously different from tobacco, and the food industry differs from tobacco companies in important ways, but there also are significant similarities in the actions that these industries have taken in response to concern that their products cause harm. Because obesity is now a major global problem, the world cannot afford a repeat of the tobacco history, in which industry talks about the moral high ground but does not occupy it.