Aluminum and Alzheimer's Disease.
Aluminum and Alzheimer's Disease.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_9
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Peris-Sampedro, Fiona
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Colomina, Maria Teresa;Peris-Sampedro, Fiona
铝(Al)是地壳中分布最广的金属之一。铝的丰度，再加上人类的广泛使用，使得与铝相关的毒性对人类健康特别重要。尽管在口服、皮肤或吸入暴露后，一些因素会影响个体对这种金属的生物利用度，但由于其低吸收和有效的肾脏排泄，人类被认为对铝毒性具有保护作用。然而，有几个因素可以改变铝在体内的吸收和分布，这反过来可能会逐渐导致无声的慢性暴露，这可能会在最近引发对健康的不良后果。例如，铝经常被证明会导致脑病、贫血和透析患者的骨病。另一方面，低剂量的铝是否会导致阿尔茨海默病(AD)仍然存在争议，这可能是由于阿尔茨海默病的多因素和高度可变的表现形式。本章主要集中在与铝神经毒性和AD相关的两个关键方面，即代谢障碍和铁(Fe)变化。我们讨论了性别和遗传差异作为评估人类人群风险评估的一个看似合理的偏倚来源。
Aluminum (Al) is one of the most extended metals in the Earth's crust. Its abundance, together with the widespread use by humans, makes Al-related toxicity particularly relevant for human health.Despite some factors influence individual bioavailability to this metal after oral, dermal, or inhalation exposures, humans are considered to be protected against Al toxicity because of its low absorption and efficient renal excretion. However, several factors can modify Al absorption and distribution through the body, which may in turn progressively contribute to the development of silent chronic exposures that may lately trigger undesirable consequences to health. For instance, Al has been recurrently shown to cause encephalopathy, anemia, and bone disease in dialyzed patients. On the other hand, it remains controversial whether low doses of this metal may contribute to developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), probably because of the multifactorial and highly variable presentation of the disease.This chapter primarily focuses on two key aspects related to Al neurotoxicity and AD, which are metabolic impairment and iron (Fe) alterations. We discuss sex and genetic differences as a plausible source of bias to assess risk assessment in human populations.