A new Miocene ape and locomotion in the ancestor of great apes and humans
A new Miocene ape and locomotion in the ancestor of great apes and humans
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-019-1731-0
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发表时间：
2019-11-21
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Begun, David R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boehme, Madelaine;Spassov, Nikolai;Begun, David R.
人们提出了许多想法来解释古人类两足行走和类人猿（原始人类）悬浮的起源；然而，一直缺乏化石证据。有人认为，古人类的双足行走是从掌形四足动物（其移动方式与现存猴子相似）或更加悬浮的四足动物（与现存黑猩猩最相似）的祖先进化而来的(1)。在这里，我们描述了猿丹努维乌斯·古根莫西（Danuvius guggenmosi）化石（来自巴伐利亚阿尔高地区），其保存了完整的肢体骨骼，这为新发现的位置行为扩展肢体攀爬形式提供了证据。距今 1162 万年前的丹努维乌斯 (Danuvius) 是一种类人猿，其牙齿与干燥古猿 (Dryopithecus) 和其他欧洲晚中新世猿类最为相似。丹努维乌斯拥有宽阔的胸部、长长的腰椎、伸展的臀部和膝盖（如两足动物），以及细长且完全伸展的前肢（如所有猿类），它结合了两足动物和悬猿的适应性，为类人猿和人类的共同祖先提供了一个模型。
Many ideas have been proposed to explain the origin of bipedalism in hominins and suspension in great apes (hominids); however, fossil evidence has been lacking. It has been suggested that bipedalism in hominins evolved from an ancestor that was a palmigrade quadruped (which would have moved similarly to living monkeys), or from a more suspensory quadruped (most similar to extant chimpanzees)(1). Here we describe the fossil ape Danuvius guggenmosi (from the Allgau region of Bavaria) for which complete limb bones are preserved, which provides evidence of a newly identified form of positional behaviour-extended limb clambering. The 11.62-million-year-old Danuvius is a great ape that is dentally most similar to Dryopithecus and other European late Miocene apes. With a broad thorax, long lumbar spine and extended hips and knees, as in bipeds, and elongated and fully extended forelimbs, as in all apes (hominoids), Danuvius combines the adaptations of bipeds and suspensory apes, and provides a model for the common ancestor of great apes and humans.