Long-term cumulative impacts of windthrow and subsequent management on tree species composition and aboveground biomass: A simulation study considering regeneration on downed logs.
Long-term cumulative impacts of windthrow and subsequent management on tree species composition and aboveground biomass: A simulation study considering regeneration on downed logs.
复制标题
风力和后续管理对树种组成和地上生物量的长期累积影响：考虑倒下原木再生的模拟研究。
DOI：
10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119728
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hotta;W.;Morimoto;J.;Haga;C.;Suzuki;S.N.;Inoue;T.;Matsui;T.;Owari;T.;Shibata;H.;Nakamura;F.
风灾后管理通过改变干扰遗留物的状况来延缓森林生物量的恢复，并能改变物种组成。虽然短期的影响后，风抛管理已经得到了很好的研究，我们没有足够的知识，长期的影响后，风抛管理的物种组成和生物量恢复。与风抛频率增加有关的那些影响也是未知的。虽然森林景观模型可以有效地评估这些影响，传统的模型不能代表的更新过程中倒下的日志，这是必不可少的模拟森林演替。本研究以日本北方的半寒带森林为研究对象，旨在（1）将倒木的再生过程纳入最常用的森林景观模型LANDIS-II中，（2）评价倒木后管理对树种组成和地上生物量恢复的长期影响，（3）研究倒木后的森林景观变化。以及（3）评估风抛后管理和风抛频率增加之间相互作用的相关长期影响。我们将再生过程中倒下的日志到LANDIS-II通过调节的概率建立依赖于枯木，如云杉，根据腐烂的枯木的可用性。纳入这一进程导致在物种组成和地上生物量恢复后的风抛管理，比原来的模型产生的更准确的趋势模拟。在修改后的LANDIS-II模拟，减少枯木和先进的幼苗，由于抢救性伐木对树种组成或地上生物量恢复的影响不大，但是，完全破坏先进的幼苗由松土诱导地上生物量恢复延迟和转移到桦树为主的森林，持续了100年。此外，减少枯木由于抢救性伐木减少了幼苗的数量，特别是枯木依赖的物种，建立后，风吹。当风吹频率增加一倍，这种减少在幼苗诱导地上生物量恢复延迟，并在随后的风吹事件发生后，枯木依赖的物种生物量大幅下降。然而，在第二次风灾事件和随后的松土后，森林以与第一次风灾后相同的方式恢复，因为高级幼苗和林下植物，即矮竹（Sasaspp.），重新设置现场条件。在气候变化下，半寒带森林的物种组成和地上生物量预计会增加风吹频率，应避免抢救性采伐和松土。
Post-windthrow management delays forest biomass recovery by altering the situation of disturbance legacies and can change the species composition. Although the short-term effects of post-windthrow management have been well studied, we do not have enough knowledge about the long-term effects of post-windthrow management on species composition and biomass recovery. Those effects associated with an increase in the windthrow frequency are also unknown. Although forest landscape models can effectively evaluate these effects, conventional models do not represent the regeneration process on downed logs, which is essential for simulating forest succession. We focused on hemiboreal forests in northern Japan and aimed to (1) incorporate the regeneration process on downed logs into LANDIS-II, which is one of the most used forest landscape models; (2) evaluate the long-term effects of post-windthrow management on tree species composition and aboveground biomass recovery; and (3) evaluate the associated long-term effects of interactions between post-windthrow management and increased windthrow frequency. We incorporated the regeneration process on downed logs into LANDIS-II by regulating the probability of the establishment of species that depend on dead wood, such as spruce, according to the availability of well-decayed dead wood. The incorporation of this process resulted in simulations of trends in species composition and aboveground biomass recovery after post-windthrow management that were more accurate than those produced by the original model. In the modified LANDIS-II simulation, reductions in dead wood and advanced seedlings due to salvage logging had little effect on the tree species composition or aboveground biomass recovery; however, the complete destruction of advanced seedlings by scarification induced a delay in aboveground biomass recovery and a shift to birch-dominated forests that continued for 100 years. In addition, the reduction in dead wood due to salvage logging decreased the number of seedlings, especially of dead wood-dependent species, that established after windthrow. When the windthrow frequency doubled, this decrease in seedlings induced a delay in aboveground biomass recovery, and a substantial decrease in dead wood-dependent species biomass occurred after a subsequent windthrow event. However, after the second windthrow event and following scarification, the forest recovered in the same way as after the first windthrow because the destruction of advanced seedlings and understory plants, namely, dwarf bamboo (Sasaspp.), by scarification reset the site conditions. To conserve the species composition and aboveground biomass of hemiboreal forests under climate change, which is expected to increase windthrow frequency, salvage logging and scarification should be avoided.