Measurement of aircraft speed and altitude
Measurement of aircraft speed and altitude
复制标题
飞机速度和高度的测量
DOI：
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Gracey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Gracey
研究了使用压力驱动仪器（高度计、空速指示器、真实空速指示器、马赫计和垂直速度指示器）测量速度和高度所涉及的问题。提出了将总压和静压与五个飞行量相关的方程，并给出了总压管和静压管的设计标准。介绍了典型静压装置（机身机头、翼尖、垂直尾翼和机身通风口）的校准，描述了这些装置飞行校准的各种方法，并详细描述了通过其中两种方法对特定装置进行的校准。给出了用于估计压力滞后和泄漏影响的方程。描述了五种仪器的实验室校准测试程序，并介绍了机械和电气仪器的精度。讨论了高度计在地形间隙和飞机垂直间隔方面的操作使用，以及巡航操作中飞机的飞行技术误差和总体高度误差。包括基于地球和大气的各种特性的高度测量技术。两个附录提供了空速和高度表以及示例计算，用于根据测量的总压力和静压力确定各种飞行参数。
Problems involved in measuring speed and altitude with pressure-actuated instruments (altimeter, airspeed indicator, true-airspeed indicator, Machmeter, and vertical-speed indicator) are examined. Equations relating total pressure and static pressure to the five flight quantities are presented, and criteria for the design of total and static pressure tubes are given. Calibrations of typical static pressure installations (fuselage nose, wing tip, vertical fin, and fuselage vent) are presented, various methods for flight calibration of these installations are described, and the calibration of a particular installation by two of the methods is described in detail. Equations are given for estimating the effects of pressure lag and leaks. Test procedures for the laboratory calibration of the five instruments are described, and accuracies of mechanical and electrical instruments are presented. Operational use of the altimeter for terrain clearance and vertical separation of aircraft is discussed, along with flight technical errors and overall altitude errors of aircraft in cruise operations. Altitude-measuring techniques based on a variety of properties of the Earth and the atmosphere are included. Two appendixes present airspeed and altitude tables and sample calculations for determining the various flight parameters from measured total and static pressures.