Sleep, breathing, and cephalometrics in older children and young adults .1. Normative values
Sleep, breathing, and cephalometrics in older children and young adults .1. Normative values
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DOI：
10.1378/chest.109.3.664
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发表时间：
1996-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.6
通讯作者：
Carskadon, MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Acebo, C;Millman, RP;Carskadon, MA
研究目的：目的是(1)为年龄较大的儿童/青少年和年轻人提供睡眠和睡眠相关呼吸变量和身体特征（头测量、体重指数[BMI]和扁桃体大小）的规范性值，(2)描述性别和年龄组差异，(3)评估身体特征和睡眠相关呼吸变量之间的关系。设计：在一个晚上测量描述睡眠和呼吸的标准多导睡眠图变量。头颅测量是通过站立侧位颅骨x线片获得的。研究对象：BMI小于27的正常健康男孩（n=23，平均年龄= 13.3+/-2.1岁）、女孩（n=22，平均年龄=13.8+/-1.8岁）、男性（n=23，平均年龄=22.2+/-1.5岁）和女性（n=24，平均年龄=22.4+/-1.8岁）。结果：睡眠变量存在年龄组和性别差异，慢波睡眠和快速眼动潜伏期随年龄的增长而下降；短暂性觉醒随年龄增长而增加。与睡眠相关的呼吸变量显示与年龄组或性别相关的变化很少：在动脉氧饱和度最低点（男性受试者较低）和非快速眼动睡眠的呼吸障碍指数（男性受试者较高）方面，发现了很小但具有统计学意义的性别差异。头颅测量的差异很大程度上反映了正常生长和预期的性别差异。睡眠相关的呼吸变量和身体检查结果之间没有明显的关系。结论：这些数据为一组正常的大龄儿童、青少年和年轻人的睡眠、呼吸和头测量提供了良好控制的规范值。这些数据为这些年龄的疑似睡眠呼吸暂停的患者提供了有用的参考点，特别是因为此类临床研究通常基于首夜多导睡眠图。此外，这些值表示对数据进行适当的分组。
Study objectives: Aims were (1) to provide normative values for sleep and sleep-related breathing variables and physical features (cephalometrics, body mass index [BMI], and tonsillar size) in older children/adolescents and young adults, (2) to describe sex and age group differences, and (3) to evaluate relationships between physical features and sleep-related breathing variables.Design: Standard polysomnographic variables describing sleep and breathing were measured during a single night. Cephalometric measures were obtained from a standing lateral skull radiograph.Subjects: Normal, healthy boys (n=23; mean age= 13.3+/-2.1 years), girls (n=22; mean age=13.8+/-1.8 years), men (n=23; mean age=22.2+/-1.5 years), and women (n=24; mean age=22.4+/-1.8 years) with BMI less than 27 were evaluated.Results: Sleep variables showed age group and sex differences consistent with published norms, Slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) latency declined with age; transient arousals increased with age. Sleep-related breathing variables showed few changes related to age group or sex: small but statistically significant sex differences were found for arterial oxygen saturation nadir (lower in male subjects) and respiration disturbance index in non-REM sleep (greater in male subjects). Differences in cephalometric measures largely reflected normal growth and expected sex differences. No significant relationships between sleep-related breathing variables and physical findings were observed.Conclusions: These data provide well-controlled normative values for sleep, breathing, and cephalometrics in a group of normal older children, adolescents, and young adults. The data provide useful reference points for patients of these ages in whom sleep apnea is suspected, particularly since such clinical studies are normally based on first-night polysomnography. Furthermore, these values represent developmentally appropriate grouping of the data.