Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds
Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Lovette, Irby J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burns, Kevin J.;Shultz, Allison J.;Lovette, Irby J.
Thraupidae是鸟类的第二大家族，约占所有鸟类物种的4%和新热带区鸟类的12%。这个科的物种展示了广泛的羽毛颜色和图案，觅食行为，发声，生态型和栖息地偏好。由于缺乏完整的tanagers同源性，阻碍了这种进化多样性的研究。在这里，我们提出了一个全面的，物种水平的遗传学tanagers使用六个分子标记。我们的分析确定了13个主要分支的tanagers，我们指定为亚科。此外，两个物种被认为是不同的分支上的tanager树。我们的拓扑结构不同意在许多地方与以前的估计tanagers内的关系，许多长期公认的属在我们的分析不是单系。我们的树确定了几个案件的趋同进化羽毛装饰和法案形态，和两个案件的社会模仿。本研究所产生的遗传学为研究宏观进化模式和性状进化提供了一个强有力的框架。我们使用我们的新的遗传学来研究多样化过程，发现tanagers显示出指数下降的多样化率的背景模型。因此，tanagers的演变始于最初的多样化爆发，随后是速度放缓。除了这个背景模型，两个后，支特定的速率变化的支持，一个增加达尔文的雀和另一个增加的一些种Sporophila。这两个群体的多样化速度是例外，即使与tanagers内发现的整体快速多样化速度相比。这项研究提供了第一个强大的评估多样化率的达尔文的雀类在更大的群体内，他们进化的背景下。(c)2014爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Thraupidae is the second largest family of birds and represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropical avifauna. Species in this family display a wide range of plumage colors and patterns, foraging behaviors, vocalizations, ecotypes, and habitat preferences. The lack of a complete phylogeny for tanagers has hindered the study of this evolutionary diversity. Here, we present a comprehensive, species-level phylogeny for tanagers using six molecular markers. Our analyses identified 13 major clades of tanagers that we designate as subfamilies. In addition, two species are recognized as distinct branches on the tanager tree. Our topologies disagree in many places with previous estimates of relationships within tanagers, and many long-recognized genera are not monophyletic in our analyses. Our trees identify several cases of convergent evolution in plumage ornaments and bill morphology, and two cases of social mimicry. The phylogeny produced by this study provides a robust framework for studying macro-evolutionary patterns and character evolution. We use our new phylogeny to study diversification processes, and find that tanagers show a background model of exponentially declining diversification rates. Thus, the evolution of tanagers began with an initial burst of diversification followed by a rate slowdown. In addition to this background model, two later, clade-specific rate shifts are supported, one increase for Darwin's finches and another increase for some species of Sporophila. The rate of diversification within these two groups is exceptional, even when compared to the overall rapid rate of diversification found within tanagers. This study provides the first robust assessment of diversification rates for the Darwin's finches in the context of the larger group within which they evolved. (c) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.