How Social Movements (Sometimes) Matter
How Social Movements (Sometimes) Matter
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社会运动（有时）如何重要
DOI：
10.1177/00943061221129662s
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Jasper
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Jasper
个人和社区层面的能力建设（Huebner 和 McGuirk；Middlemass）。好消息是，这本书的经验教训可以纳入最高法院的改革努力中，以增强重点、平衡和公平。为了有效地做到这一点，社区积极参与这一过程至关重要。 CJ 机构往往缺乏资源、信息和专业知识，无法将服务集中于特定客户的风险和需求，并以平衡责任与支持的方式提供服务。包括社区合作伙伴在内的机构间合作可以增加资源、信息共享和专业知识，从而提高客户获得集中和均衡护理的可能性。有用的步骤包括加强家庭和其他社交网络（Sugie 和 Augustine）以及建设组织（Chen 和 Meyer）和社区能力（Taxman）。政策变化可以成为进行此类投资的杠杆（Middlemass）。但首先，需要建造桥梁。 CJS 正在经历合法性危机。许多政策和做法不仅没有发挥作用，而且产生了有害影响，特别是对有色人种社区。这导致了对法律的愤世嫉俗，人们认为司法委员会的行为方式常常缺乏能力、合法性和响应能力（Abt 2019）。通过认识到以前的伤害来开始建立信任至关重要； CJS 的目标、决策和结果保持透明且面向公众；能力投资；并作为有价值的合作伙伴与社区合作。还需要在回国公民和社区之间建立桥梁。这可以包括上面列出的许多社区建设策略，但也应该包括加强教育（中大众）和建立亲社会的身份。对以前参与司法的个人的态度、做法和政策都是以赤字为中心的，并且不利于身份认同。他们需要以提供宽恕的方式进行重建，并认识到这些人对建设更好社区的价值。这为他们提供了更多回馈社会的空间，这可以对身份和未来的结果产生积极影响。我们将继续收集有关 CJS 改革有效措施的证据。然而，实施进展缓慢（Taxman）。障碍包括研究学科（社会学、心理学和健康）和机构（CJ 和健康）内部和之间缺乏沟通、预算限制以及复杂且有争议的政治环境（Shadd Maruna）。实施科学是克服这些障碍的关键。实施科学是对促进研究成果融入实践的方法的检验（Bauer et al. 2015）。它侧重于识别和解决在多个层面（包括个人、组织和社区）采用循证实践的障碍。
tle in capacity-building at the individual and community level (Huebner and McGuirk; Middlemass). The good news is the lessons of the book can be incorporated into CJ reform efforts to enhance focus, balance, and fairness. To do so effectively, it is critical that the community is actively involved in the process. CJ agencies, alone, often lack the resources, information, and know-how to focus services to the risks and needs of specific clients and in ways that balance accountability with support. Interagency collaborations, which incorporate community partners, can increase resources, information-sharing, and expertise, thereby heightening the likelihood that clients receive focused and balanced care. Useful steps include strengthening the family and other social networks (Sugie and Augustine) and building organizational (Chen and Meyer) and community capacity (Taxman). Policy changes can be levers to make such investments (Middlemass). But first, bridges need to be built. CJS is experiencing a crisis of legitimacy. Many policies and practices have not worked and have harmful effects, especially on communities of color. This has led to legal cynicism, the perception that the CJS often acts in ways that lack competence, legitimacy, and responsiveness (Abt 2019). It’s crucial to begin establishing trust by recognizing prior harms; being transparent and public-facing about CJS goals, decisions, and outcomes; investing in capacity; and working with the community as a valued partner. There is also a need to build bridges between the returning citizen and the community. This can include many of the community-building strategies listed above but should also include enhancing education (Middlemass) and building a prosocial identity. Attitudes, practices, and policies toward former justice-involved individuals are deficit-focused and detrimental to identity. They need to be rebuilt in ways that provide forgiveness and recognize the value of these individuals to building a better community. This provides them more space to give back to society, which can positively affect identity and future outcomes. We continue to build a body of evidence regarding what works in CJS reform. Yet, implementation is slow (Taxman). Barriers include a lack of communication within and between research disciplines (sociology, psychology, and health) and agencies (CJ and health), budget constraints, and complex and contentious political environments (Shadd Maruna). Implementation science is key to overcoming these barriers. Implementation science is the examination of methods to promote the integration of research findings into practice (Bauer et al. 2015). It focuses on identifying and addressing barriers to the uptake of evidence-based practices at multiple levels, including the individual, organization, and community.