Large-scale shift in the structure of a kelp forest ecosystem co-occurs with an epizootic and marine heatwave.
Large-scale shift in the structure of a kelp forest ecosystem co-occurs with an epizootic and marine heatwave.
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DOI：
10.1038/s42003-021-01827-6
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发表时间：
2021-03-05
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Kudela RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McPherson ML;Finger DJI;Houskeeper HF;Bell TW;Carr MH;Rogers-Bennett L;Kudela RM
气候变化导致极端事件的频率，强度和持续时间增加，例如海洋热浪（MHW）。在东部边界流系统中，MHWs对驱动初级生产力的温度-营养动态具有深远的影响。公牛海带（Nereocystis luetkeana）森林是一个重要的近岸栖息地，从2014年开始，加州州北方350公里的海岸线经历了前所未有的损失，并持续到2019年。这些损失对北方加州的社区、经济和渔业造成了毁灭性的后果。使用一套原位和卫星来源的数据，我们表明，突然的生态系统转变开始了多年的MHW之前的基石捕食者人口密度下降。我们展示了强有力的证据表明，北方加州海带森林，虽然时间动态，历史上对波动的环境条件，即使在没有关键的顶级捕食者，但一系列耦合的环境和生物变化在2014年和2016年之间形成了一个持久的，改变的生态系统状态，初级生产力低。根据我们的研究结果，我们建议实施基于生态系统的适应性管理策略，如（1）监测关键生态系统属性的状态：海带分布和丰度，海胆及其捕食者的密度，（2）制定管理对策，这些属性的阈值水平，（3）创建定量恢复适宜性指数，为海带恢复工作提供信息。Meredith麦克弗森等人使用34年的卫星时间序列和原位衍生数据来研究北方加州的巨藻森林，并展示了2014年至2016年海洋热浪事件后的生态系统变化。结果表明，由于捕食者的消失，海胆的食草性增加，降低了巨藻森林对环境条件波动的抵抗力，并指出了基于生态系统和适应性管理策略的重要性。
Climate change is responsible for increased frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme events, such as marine heatwaves (MHWs). Within eastern boundary current systems, MHWs have profound impacts on temperature-nutrient dynamics that drive primary productivity. Bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana) forests, a vital nearshore habitat, experienced unprecedented losses along 350 km of coastline in northern California beginning in 2014 and continuing through 2019. These losses have had devastating consequences to northern California communities, economies, and fisheries. Using a suite of in situ and satellite-derived data, we demonstrate that the abrupt ecosystem shift initiated by a multi-year MHW was preceded by declines in keystone predator population densities. We show strong evidence that northern California kelp forests, while temporally dynamic, were historically resilient to fluctuating environmental conditions, even in the absence of key top predators, but that a series of coupled environmental and biological shifts between 2014 and 2016 resulted in the formation of a persistent, altered ecosystem state with low primary productivity. Based on our findings, we recommend the implementation of ecosystem-based and adaptive management strategies, such as (1) monitoring the status of key ecosystem attributes: kelp distribution and abundance, and densities of sea urchins and their predators, (2) developing management responses to threshold levels of these attributes, and (3) creating quantitative restoration suitability indices for informing kelp restoration efforts. Meredith McPherson et al. use a 34-year time series of satellite and in situ derived data to study bull kelp forests of northern California and demonstrate the ecosystem shifts following a marine heatwave event between 2014 and 2016. The results show that increased herbivory by sea urchins due to the loss of a predator reduced bull kelp forest resistance to fluctuating environmental conditions and point to the importance of ecosystem-based and adaptive management strategies.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2018.0553
发表时间：
2018-07-25
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Burt, Jenn M.;Tinker, M. Tim;Salomon, Anne K.
通讯作者：
Salomon, Anne K.
影响因子：
13.5
作者：
Finger, Dennis J. I.;McPherson, Meredith L.;Kudela, Raphael M.
通讯作者：
Kudela, Raphael M.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Estes, JA;Tinker, MT;Doak, DF
通讯作者：
Doak, DF
DOI：
10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.07.015
发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
3
作者：
Carr, ME;Kearns, EJ
通讯作者：
Kearns, EJ
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Frolicher, Thomas L.;Fischer, Erich M.;Gruber, Nicolas
通讯作者：
Gruber, Nicolas