The evolution of communication: Humans may be exceptional

The evolution of communication: Humans may be exceptional
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沟通的演变:人类可能是例外

DOI:
10.1075/is.11.1.07sco
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发表时间:
2010
期刊:
Interaction Studies. Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Scott-Phillips T
Scott-Phillips T
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Scott-Phillips T

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沟通从根本上来说是一种互动现象。进化生物学在其通信定义中认识到了这一事实,其中信号是引起反应的行为,并且行为和反应都是为此原因而设计的。如果仅设计其中一种,则行为被归类为提示或强制。由于相互依赖的行为不可能同时出现,这些定义中固有的对称性导致了这样的预测:只有在暗示或强制行为首先出现的情况下,沟通才会出现。然后他们将被增选进行沟通。使用动物信号、进化机器人学、比较心理学和进化语言学等一系列案例研究来检验这一预测。前三个被认为是支持性的。然而,在“具身交流游戏”(一种最近出现的成年人之间交流的实验方法)中,即使提示或强制行为不可能,交流也会出现。这表明人类在这方面是例外的。有人认为,其原因在于我们能够并且被迫以有意的方式解读和解释他人行为的程度。
Communication is a fundamentally interactive phenomenon. Evolutionary biology recognises this fact in its definition of communication, in which signals are those actions that cause reactions, and where both action and reaction are designed for that reason. Where only one or the other is designed then the behaviours are classed as either cues or coercion. Since mutually dependent behaviours are unlikely to emerge simultaneously, the symmetry inherent in these definitions gives rise to a prediction that communication will only emerge if cues or coercive behaviours do so first. They will then be co-opted for communication. A range of case studies, from animal signalling, evolutionary robotics, comparative psychology, and evolutionary linguistics are used to test this prediction. The first three are found to be supportive. However in the Embodied Communication Game, a recent experimental approach to the emergence of communication between adult humans, communication emerges even when cues or coerced behaviours are not possible. This suggests that humans are exceptional in this regard. It is argued that the reason for this is the degree to which we are able and compelled to read and interpret the behaviour of others in intentional terms.
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