Investigation of magnetic nanoparticles for the rapid extraction and assay of alpha-emitting radionuclides from urine: demonstration of a novel radiobioassay method.
Investigation of magnetic nanoparticles for the rapid extraction and assay of alpha-emitting radionuclides from urine: demonstration of a novel radiobioassay method.
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研究用于快速提取和测定尿液中α发射放射性核素的磁性纳米粒子：新型放射生物测定方法的演示。
DOI：
10.1097/hp.0b013e3182166ed1
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Addleman,RShane
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Hara,MatthewJ;Carter,JenniferC;MacLellan,JayA;Warner,CynthiaL;Warner,MarvinG;Addleman,RShane
如果放射性核素意外或故意泄漏到人口稠密的地区，大量的人可能需要进行放射性生物测定筛查，作为剂量减少治疗的分诊或长期随访的鉴定。如果该事件释放出显著水平的贝塔或阿尔法放射性核素，体内测试将无效。因此，需要高效、快速的分析方法从提交的现场尿样(≤50毫升)中检测放射性核素。目前，从尿样中定量测定α放射性核素是一项劳动强度很高的工作，需要大量的时间来准备和分析样品。能够提供有效收集和快速分析的吸附材料可以显著简化放射分析过程。作者已经证明了使用磁性纳米颗粒作为一种新的方法，从未经化学修饰的和pH-2的人尿中提取四种令人关注的阿尔法放射性核素(钋、镭、铀和汞)的介质。本文介绍了初步的实验吸附结果和一种新的方法，该方法使用磁性纳米颗粒从未经修饰的人尿中提取放射性核素，然后收集磁场诱导的粒子用于后续的α计数源制备。此外，构建了一个通用的人体剂量模型，该模型确定在特定保护行动阈值下估计剂量所需的探测器计数时间。该模型提供了一种评估方法检测能力的手段，并使用基本健康物理参数和实际实验数据作为核心变量。模型表明，有了有效的吸附材料，在暴露/摄入后1周内收集50毫升的尿样，就可以快速筛查阿尔法辐射者。
In the event of an accidental or intentional release of radionuclides into a populated area, massive numbers of people may require radiobioassay screening as triage for dose-reduction therapy or identification for longer-term follow-up. If the event released significant levels of beta-or alpha-emitting radionuclides, in vivo assays would be ineffective. Therefore, highly efficient and rapid analytical methods for radionuclide detection from submitted spot urine samples (≤ 50 mL) would be required. At present, the quantitative determination of alpha-emitting radionuclides from urine samples is highly labor intensive and requires significant time to prepare and analyze samples. Sorbent materials that provide effective collection and enable rapid assay could significantly streamline the radioanalytical process. The authors have demonstrated the use of magnetic nanoparticles as a novel method of extracting media for four alpha-emitting radionuclides of concern (polonium, radium, uranium and americium) from chemically-unmodified and pH-2 human urine. Herein, the initial experimental sorption results are presented along with a novel method that uses magnetic nanoparticles to extract radionuclides from unmodified human urine and then collect the magnetic field-induced particles for subsequent alpha-counting-source preparation. Additionally, a versatile human dose model is constructed that determines the detector count times required to estimate dose at specific protective-action thresholds. The model provides a means to assess a method's detection capabilities and uses fundamental health physics parameters and actual experimental data as core variables. The modeling shows that, with effective sorbent materials, rapid screening for alpha-emitters is possible with a 50-mL urine sample collected within 1 wk of exposure/intake.