Fear conditioning in posttraumatic stress disorder: Evidence for delayed extinction of autonomic, experiential, and behavioural responses
Fear conditioning in posttraumatic stress disorder: Evidence for delayed extinction of autonomic, experiential, and behavioural responses
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brat.2007.02.012
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发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Wilhelm, Frank H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blechert, Jens;Michael, Tanja;Wilhelm, Frank H.
厌恶性条件反射被认为是创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的一个重要病因。PTSD患者（n = 36）和健康个体（TE组，n = 21; nTE组，n = 34）接受了由习惯化、获得和消退阶段组成的差异性恐惧条件反射实验。一个电刺激作为非条件刺激（US），两个中性图片作为条件刺激（CS+，配对; CS-，未配对）。条件反射被量化的皮肤电导反应（SCR），CS效价和美国的期望，和行为test.In对比的nTE组，PTSD患者表现出延迟消退的SCR的CS+主观评级。在线评价效价和美国预期以及行为测试证实了这一模式。这些发现指出了灭绝学习的缺陷，并强调了情感效价评估和认知偏见在PTSD中的作用。此外，有一些证据表明，PTSD患者的一个亚组在学习CS-US应急方面存在困难，从而提供了减少辨别学习的初步证据。(c)2007爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Aversive conditioning has been proposed as an important factor involved in the etiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, it is not yet fully understood exactly which learning mechanisms are characteristic for PTSD.PTSD patients (n = 36), and healthy individuals with and without trauma exposure (TE group, n = 21; nTE group, n = 34), underwent a differential fear conditioning experiment consisting of habituation, acquisition, and extinction phases. An electrical stimulus served as the unconditioned stimulus (US), and two neutral pictures as conditioned stimuli (CS+, paired; CS-, unpaired). Conditioned responses were quantified by skin conductance responses (SCRs), subjective ratings of CS valence and US-expectancy, and a behavioural test.In contrast to the nTE group, PTSD patients showed delayed extinction of SCRs to the CS+. Online ratings of valence and US-expectancy as well as the behavioural test confirmed this pattern. These findings point to a deficit in extinction learning and highlight the role of affective valence appraisals and cognitive biases in PTSD. In addition, there was some evidence that a subgroup of PTSD patients had difficulties in learning the CS-US contingency, thereby providing preliminary evidence of reduced discrimination learning. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.