Guiding phosphorus stewardship for multiple ecosystem services
Guiding phosphorus stewardship for multiple ecosystem services
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DOI：
10.1002/ehs2.1251
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Zhang, Tiequan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MacDonald, Graham K.;Jarvie, Helen P.;Zhang, Tiequan
磷(P)在农业中的重要作用及其对水质的影响已受到数十年的研究关注。然而，由于其对多种生态系统服务的下游影响，可持续磷的使用和管理对社会的好处很少得到承认。我们提出了一个概念框架--“磷-生态系统服务级联”(PESC)--以整合关键的生态系统过程和功能，这些过程和功能在不同的空间和时间尺度上调节人类活动向环境释放的磷与生态系统服务之间的关系。级联中通过土壤和水生过程的间接路径将人为磷与生物多样性和多种服务联系起来，包括娱乐、饮用水供应和渔业。随着人为磷通过集水区的级联作用，它往往从一种补贴转变为生态系统服务的压力源。由于与其他社会或管理目标(例如，家畜粪便和有机废物的循环利用可能影响土壤碳储存)的协同作用，磷管理可以产生紧急的生态系统服务共同效益。应用PESC框架，我们确定了将磷管理与多种生态系统服务的管理相结合的关键研究重点，例如将额外的服务纳入农业环境磷指数，评估广泛的有机磷来源的再循环如何对农业产量和水质产生不同的影响，以及考虑到气候变化导致磷管理基线的变化。归根结底，磷的影响取决于特定地点的农业和生物地理环境，因此，更精确地将管理战略定向到特定地点，将有助于优化生态系统服务，并更有效地将农场养分管理的下游成本内部化。
The essential role of phosphorus (P) for agriculture and its impact on water quality has received decades of research attention. However, the benefits of sustainable P use and management for society due to its downstream impacts on multiple ecosystem services are rarely acknowledged. We propose a conceptual framework-the "phosphorus-ecosystem services cascade" (PESC)-to integrate the key ecosystem processes and functions that moderate the relationship between P released to the environment from human actions and ecosystem services at distinct spatial and temporal scales. Indirect pathways in the cascade via soil and aquatic processes link anthropogenic P to biodiversity and multiple services, including recreation, drinking water provision, and fisheries. As anthropogenic P cascades through catchments, it often shifts from a subsidy to a stressor of ecosystem services. Phosphorus stewardship can have emergent ecosystem service co-benefits due to synergies with other societal or management goals (e.g., recycling of livestock manures and organic wastes could impact soil carbon storage). Applying the PESC framework, we identify key research priorities to align P stewardship with the management of multiple ecosystem services, such as incorporating additional services into agri-environmental P indices, assessing how widespread recycling of organic P sources could differentially impact agricultural yields and water quality, and accounting for shifting baselines in P stewardship due to climate change. Ultimately, P impacts depend on site-specific agricultural and biogeophysical contexts, so greater precision in targeting stewardship strategies to specific locations would help to optimize for ecosystem services and to more effectively internalize the downstream costs of farm nutrient management.