Pollinator-Induced Density Dependence in Deceptive Species
Pollinator-Induced Density Dependence in Deceptive Species
复制标题
DOI：
10.2307/3546819
复制
发表时间：
1999-12
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Jean-Baptiste Ferdy;F. Austerlitz;J. Moret;P. Gouyon;B. Godelle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jean-Baptiste Ferdy;F. Austerlitz;J. Moret;P. Gouyon;B. Godelle
许多动物授粉物种的访问率很低，在某些情况下，由于受精不良而濒临灭绝。在这些植物中，有些是欺骗性的物种（开花植物不提供任何奖励给它们的传粉者）。传粉者经历的学习过程决定了那些不模仿奖励模型的食物欺诈的访问率。拜访欺骗物种的传粉者在经历了几次没有奖励的情况后会避开它们，然后拜访奖励植物。我们使用经典的最优觅食和博弈论工具对这个学习过程进行了建模，并应用我们的模型来调查如何以密度依赖的方式调整欺骗性物种的访问率，以及它如何影响这些物种的种群动态。我们发现传粉者行为在低密度下诱导正密度依赖性（Allee效应），因此产生了一个阈值密度，在该密度下种群不可能生存。此外，负密度依赖发生在高密度，因此在大多数情况下，授粉限制创建一个稳定的人口平衡。进行随机模拟，以调查在这些平衡的种群的稳定性，并估计其平均时间灭绝。由于一些参数，如传粉者密度或栖息地破碎化被明确考虑在内，我们试图描述环境条件有利于欺骗性植物的生存。
Many animal-pollinated species experience low visitation rates and, in some cases, stand on the brink of extinction because they are poorly fertilized. Among these plants, some are deceptive species (flowering plants that do not offer any reward to their pollinators). A learning process that pollinators undergo determines visitation rate in those food frauds that do not mimic rewarding models. Pollinators that visit cheating species avoid them after having experienced the absence of reward a few times and then visit rewarding plants. We modeled this learning process, using classical optimal foraging and game theory tools, and applied our model to survey how visitation rate can be adjusted in deceptive species in a density-dependent way and how it can influence the population dynamics of those species. We found pollinator behavior to induce positive density dependence at low density (Allee effect) and therefore to create a threshold density under which population survival is not possible. Moreover, negative density dependence occurs at high density so that in most cases pollination limitation creates a stable demographic equilibrium. Stochastic simulations were performed to investigate the stability of populations at these equilibria and estimate their mean time to extinction. Because some parameters such as pollinator density or habitat fragmentation were explicitly taken into account, we tried to describe environmental conditions conducive to a deceptive plant's survival.