The Organization of Learning
The Organization of Learning
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DOI：
10.1162/jocn.1991.3.4.382
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发表时间：
2005-07
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
永福 智志
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
永福 智志
Galvel在《学习的组织》中的目标并不是一个有限的目标。他的意图无非是推翻联想学习理论。他想改变游戏规则。他想要革命。他很早就经常提到这个目标：“我的目的是为理解动物学习和研究其细胞基础勾画一个新的框架”（第3页）。他的“新框架”不仅仅是对动物学习理论日益增长的认知发展的进一步阐述和规范，这种发展已经产生了动物行为的概念化，包括“重复性"、“排练”和“信息处理”。相反，加尔布尔认为，现在可能是“重新思考条件作用理论的理论和前理论基础”（第418页）和“放弃我们对联想框架的承诺”（第421页）的时候了。加尔布尔的问题不是认知主义者与行为主义者与新行为主义者与SS与SR之间的问题。加尔布尔希望我们以不同的方式思考，放弃将学习视为我们从小就认为的联想过程。沿着这条道路，这种方法要求我们放弃一些最神圣的东西：学习是一种基于试验的现象，条件刺激和无条件刺激配对的关键意义，突触变化是学习的细胞基础，以及赫布突触。我们的神经科学入门课程中关于条件作用的神经科学的最初讲座就到此为止。
Gallistel’s goal in The Organization of Learning is not a limited one. He intends nothing less than the overthrow of associative learning theory. He wants to change the rules of the game. He wants revolution. He states this goal early and often:“My purpose is to sketch a new framework for the understanding of animal learning and the investigation of its cellular basis”(p. 3). His “new framework’is not simply a further elaboration and specification of the increasingly cognitive development of animal learning theory, a development that has produced conceptualizations of animal behavior in terms of “surprisingness,”“rehearsal,” and “information processing.” Instead Gallistel argues that it may be time to “rethink the theoretical and pretheoretical foundations of conditioning theory”(p, 418) and “discard our commitment to an associative framework’(p. 421). The issues for Gallistel are not cognitive versus behaviorist versus neobehaviorist versus SS versus SR. Gallistel wants us to think in a different way, to abandon thinking about learning as the associative process we grew up thinking it to be. Along the way this approach asks us to abandon some of the most sacred of our sacred cows: learning as a trialbased phenomenon, the critical significance of pairing between the conditional and unconditional stimuli, synaptic change as the cellular basis for learning, and the Hebbian synapse. So much for our initial lectures on the neuroscience of conditioning to our introductory neuroscience courses.