Mixed-Methods Research Methodologies
Mixed-Methods Research Methodologies
复制标题
混合方法研究方法
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Terrell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Terrell
混合方法研究是实用主义范式的产物，在研究过程的不同阶段将定性和定量方法联合收割机结合起来。（Tashakkori & Teddlie，2008年，第22页）。混合方法的起源在于两种主要的研究范式 * 定量研究（即，实证主义范式）在历史上一直是社会科学研究的基石。纯粹主义者呼吁研究人员“消除他们的偏见，保持情感上的超然，不参与研究对象和测试或经验证明他们陈述的假设”（约翰逊和Onwuegalie，2004年，第14页）。* 质的纯粹主义者支持建构主义或解释主义范式，并“认为多重建构的现实比比皆是，时间和上下文无关的概括既不可取也不可能，研究是受价值约束的，不可能完全区分因果，逻辑从具体流向一般，认识者和被认识者不能分开，因为主观认识者是现实的唯一来源。（约翰逊和Onwueglanie，2004年，第14页）。“范式战争”的结束和混合方法的出现 * 在80年代和90年代，两种主要范式之间需要“休战”。* 许多主要作者和研究人员认为，定量和定性研究方法是兼容的。* 范式相对主义-“使用任何哲学和/或方法论的方法（这）为特定的研究问题正在研究”（Tashakkori & Teddlie，2008年，第9页）。* 许多社会科学家现在认为，没有一个主要的问题领域应该专门用一种研究方法来研究。* 定量告诉我们“如果”;定性告诉我们“如何或为什么”。混合方法研究的应用范围很广 * 护理学 * 心理学 * 教育学 * 社会学 * 图书情报学 * 信息系统 * 政治学多方法方法研究的类型取决于四个因素 * 理论视角 ** 明确--坚定地基于理论 ** 隐含--间接地基于理论 * 战略优先 ** 平等 ** 定性 ** 定量 * 数据收集实施顺序 ** 定性优先 ** 定量优先 ** 无顺序 * 数据整合点 ** 数据收集时 ** 数据分析时 ** 数据解释时 ** 采用某种组合顺序解释策略[省略图示] * 收集和分析定量数据，然后收集和分析定性数据。* 对这两个阶段给予同等优先。* 数据在解释过程中被整合。* 主要重点是通过更详细地探索某些结果或帮助解释意外结果来解释定量结果（例如，使用后续采访以更好地了解定量研究的结果）。* 优点：相对直接，由于清晰，不同的阶段，更容易描述比并发策略。* 缺点：非常耗时，特别是当两个阶段都得到同等的考虑和优先级时。* 收集和分析定性数据，然后收集和分析定量数据。* 这两个阶段同等优先，但也可以优先考虑任何一个阶段。* 数据在解释过程中被整合。* 主要用于通过以下方式探索现象：** 测试理论的要素 ** 将定性结果推广到不同的样本 ** 开发工具（例如，…
Mixed-Methods Studies Studies that are products of the pragmatist paradigm and that combine the qualitative and quantitative approaches within different phases of the research process. (Tashakkori & Teddlie, 2008, p.22). The Origins of Mixed-Methods Lie in the Two Major Research Paradigms * Quantitative research (i.e., a positivist paradigm) has historically been the cornerstone of social-science research. Purists call for researchers to "eliminate their biases, remain emotionally detached and uninvolved with the objects of study and test or empirically justify their stated hypotheses" (Johnson & Onwuegbuzie, 2004, p.14). * Qualitative purists support a constructivist or interpretivist paradigm and "contend that multiple-constructed realities abound, that time- and context-free generalizations are neither desirable nor possible, that research is value-bound, that it is impossible to differentiate fully causes and effects, that logic flows from specific to general and that knower and known cannot be separated because the subjective knower is the only source of reality" (Johnson & Onwuegbuzie, 2004, p. 14). The End of the "Paradigm Wars" and the Emergence of Mixed Methods * Calls in the 80's and 90's for "a truce" between the two major paradigms. * Many major authors and researchers felt that quantitative and qualitative research methodologies are compatible. * Paradigm relativism--"the use of whatever philosophical and/or methodological approach (that) works for the particular research problem under study" (Tashakkori & Teddlie, 2008, p. 9). * Many social-scientists now believe there is no major problem area that should be studied exclusively with one research method. * Quantitative tells us "If"; qualitative tells us "How or why". The Applications of Mixed-Methods Research are Far Ranging * Nursing * Psychology * Education * Sociology * Library and Information Science * Information Systems * Political Science The Type of Multi-Method Approach Depends Upon Four Factors * Theoretical perspective ** Explicit--based firmly on a theory ** Implicit--based indirectly on a theory * Priority of strategy ** Equal ** Qualitative ** Quantitative * Sequence of data collection implementation ** Qualitative first ** Quantitative first ** No sequence * The point at which the data are integrated ** At data collection ** At data analysis ** At data interpretation ** With some combination Sequential Explanatory Strategy [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] * The collection and analysis of quantitative data followed by the collection and analysis of qualitative data. * Equal priority is given to the two phases. * Data are integrated during interpretation. * Primary focus is to explain quantitative results by exploring certain results in more detail or helping explain unexpected results (e.g., using follow-up interviews to better understand the results of a quantitative study). * Strengths: relatively straight forward due to clear, distinct stages and easier to describe than concurrent strategies. * Weakness: very time consuming especially when both phases are given equal consideration and priority. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] * The collection and analysis of qualitative data followed by the collection and analysis of quantitative data. * Equal priority is given to the two phases but priority can be given to either. * Data are integrated during interpretation. * Used primarily to explore a phenomenon by: ** Testing elements of a theory ** Generalizing qualitative findings to different samples ** Development of instrumentation (e. …