Wing shape, wing size, and sexual dimorphism in eye-span in stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae)
Wing shape, wing size, and sexual dimorphism in eye-span in stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae)
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茎眼蝇（Diopsidae）的翅膀形状、翅膀大小和眼跨的性别二态性
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发表时间：
2009
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通讯作者：
J. Swallow
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作者：
G. Ribak;M. Pitts;G. Wilkinson;J. Swallow
柄眼苍蝇的眼睛位于坚硬的花梗(柄)的末端，从头部侧面伸出。眼柄长度在科内有所不同，在某些物种中，雄性和雌性之间也有所不同。男性更大的眼柄是由于对更长的眼柄的性别选择，这是一种增加男性生殖成功的特征。在目前的研究中，我们研究了眼柄长度的增加是否会导致翅膀大小和形状的调整，以应对承受夸张的“装饰物”的负担。我们比较了10种不同眼距和性别二型性程度不同的柄眼蝇的翅膀形态。在十个物种中，有七个物种的比质量翅膀长度在雄性和雌性之间存在差异。无量纲翼的形状参数在物种间存在差异(P<；0.001)，但在相同物种的雄性和雌性之间大多没有差异。眼幅的二型性与翼长的二型性密切相关(r=0.89P<；0.001)，在校正系统发育关系后这种相关性仍然显著(r=0.81P=0.006)。在进行系统发育相关校正后，雄性(而不是雌性)的质量比翼长与质量比眼距的相关性很弱(r=0.66，P=0.042)。我们认为，随着视距的增加，观察到的机翼长度的按比例增加可以促进空中机动性，否则，这种机动性将受到较宽头部施加的较高惯性矩的阻碍。《伦敦林尼安学会》，《林尼安学会生物杂志》，2009年，98,860-871期。其他关键词：纵横比-昆虫-飞行-面积矩-转动惯量-性别选择-机翼负载。
The eyes of stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae) are positioned at the end of rigid peduncles (‘stalks’) protruding laterally from the head. Eye-stalk length varies within the family and, in some species, varies between males and females. Larger eye-stalks in males result from sexual selection for longer stalks, a trait that increases male reproductive success. In the present study, we examined whether an increase in eye-stalk length results in an adjustment of wing size and shape to deal with the burden of bearing an exaggerated ‘ornament’. We compared wing morphology among ten species of stalk-eyed flies that differ in eye-span and the degree of sexual dimorphism. Mass-specific wing length differed between males and females in seven out of the ten species. Nondimensional wing shape parameters differed between the species (P < 0.001), but mostly did not differ between males and females of the same species. Dimorphism in eye-span closely correlated with dimorphism in wing length (r = 0.89, P < 0.001) and the correlation remained significant (r = 0.81, P = 0.006) after correcting for phylogenetic relationships. Once corrected for phylogenetic relatedness, the mass-specific wing length of males (but not females) was weakly correlated with mass-specific eye-span (r = 0.66, P = 0.042). We propose that the observed proportional increase in wing length associated with increased eye-span can facilitate aerial manoeuverability, which would otherwise be handicapped by the elevated moment of inertia imposed by the wider head. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 98, 860‐871. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: aspect-ratio ‐ insect-flight ‐ moment-of-area ‐ moment-of-inertia ‐ sexual selection ‐ wing-loading.