Acute Tolerance to Alcohol in At-Risk Binge Drinkers
Acute Tolerance to Alcohol in At-Risk Binge Drinkers
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DOI：
10.1037/a0026110
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Weafer, Jessica
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fillmore, Mark T.;Weafer, Jessica
关于酒精对行为的损害影响的研究通常表明，与少量饮酒者相比，大量饮酒者的耐受性更高，这表明大量饮酒与耐受性之间存在因果关系。耐受性也会在单次饮酒过程中形成，这种“急性耐受性”可能在升级为大量饮酒的过程中发挥重要作用。本研究调查了一组高风险酗酒者 (n = 20) 和一组非风险中度饮酒者 (n = 20) 对酒精对运动协调和抑制控制的损害作用的急性耐受性的发展。参与者在相当的血液酒精浓度 (BAC) 下对安慰剂和中等剂量的酒精 (0.65 g/kg) 进行了两次测试：一次在血液酒精曲线的上升肢，一次在下降肢。结果显示，高危饮酒者对酒精对运动协调性的损害具有明显的急性耐受性。相比之下，无风险饮酒者的运动技能没有恢复。关于抑制控制，两组的上肢和下肢仍然受损，表明两组均没有急性耐受性。研究结果表明，与酒精抑制行为相比，处于危险中的酗酒者的执行能力恢复得更快。这种行为的“激活偏差”可能是他们在醉酒时持续饮酒和冲动行为的原因，尤其是当 BAC 开始下降时。
Studies of the impairing effects of alcohol on behavior often show greater tolerance in heavy drinkers compared with light drinkers, suggesting a causal link between heavy consumption and tolerance. Tolerance also develops during the time course of a single drinking episode, and this "acute tolerance" might play an important role in the escalation to heavy drinking. The present study examined the development of acute tolerance to the impairing effects of alcohol on motor coordination and inhibitory control in a group of at-risk binge drinkers (n = 20) and a group of nonrisk moderate drinkers (n = 20). Participants performed the testing battery in response to placebo and a moderate dose of alcohol (0.65 g/kg) twice at comparable blood alcohol concentrations (BACs): once on the ascending limb and once on the descending limb of the blood alcohol curve. Results showed marked acute tolerance to the impairing effects of alcohol on motor coordination in the at-risk drinkers. By contrast, no recovery of motor skill was observed in the nonrisk drinkers. Regarding inhibitory control, both groups remained impaired on both the ascending and descending limbs, indicating no acute tolerance in either group. The findings suggest that at-risk binge drinkers display a faster recovery in their ability to execute versus inhibit action under alcohol. Such an "activational bias" of behavior could account for their continued alcohol consumption and impulsive behaviors while intoxicated, especially as BAC begins to decline.