Detecting the immune system response of a 500 year-old Inca mummy.
Detecting the immune system response of a 500 year-old Inca mummy.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0041244
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Dávalos LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Corthals A;Koller A;Martin DW;Rieger R;Chen EI;Bernaski M;Recagno G;Dávalos LM
历史样本中的疾病检测目前依赖于DNA提取和扩增或免疫测定。这些技术只能确定病原体的存在，而不是活动性疾病。我们报告的第一次使用鸟枪蛋白质组学检测的蛋白质表达谱的口腔拭子和布样本从两个500岁的安第斯山脉的木乃伊。其中一具木乃伊的特征与死亡时免疫系统对严重肺部细菌感染的反应一致。通过DNA扩增、测序和系统发育分析证实了一个口腔拭子中可能存在致病性分枝杆菌。我们的研究首次提供了古代样本中活跃病原体感染的积极证据。这里介绍的方案比基于DNA或基于免疫测定的研究更不易受污染。在稀缺的法医样本中，鸟枪蛋白质组学缩小了使用DNA检测的病原体范围，降低了成本。这种分析技术可以广泛应用于检测古代样本中的感染，以回答特定病原体的历史生态学问题，以及在怀疑活动性病原体感染的法医案件中。
Disease detection in historical samples currently relies on DNA extraction and amplification, or immunoassays. These techniques only establish pathogen presence rather than active disease. We report the first use of shotgun proteomics to detect the protein expression profile of buccal swabs and cloth samples from two 500-year-old Andean mummies. The profile of one of the mummies is consistent with immune system response to severe pulmonary bacterial infection at the time of death. Presence of a probably pathogenic Mycobacterium sp. in one buccal swab was confirmed by DNA amplification, sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. Our study provides positive evidence of active pathogenic infection in an ancient sample for the first time. The protocol introduced here is less susceptible to contamination than DNA-based or immunoassay-based studies. In scarce forensic samples, shotgun proteomics narrows the range of pathogens to detect using DNA assays, reducing cost. This analytical technique can be broadly applied for detecting infection in ancient samples to answer questions on the historical ecology of specific pathogens, as well as in medico-legal cases when active pathogenic infection is suspected.