Circular RNA in Exosomes
Circular RNA in Exosomes
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DOI：
10.1007/978-981-13-1426-1_9
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bazan, Viviana
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文献类型：
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作者：
Fanale, Daniele;Taverna, Simona;Bazan, Viviana
环状RNA（CircRNA）是一类新发现的非编码内源性RNA家族，存在于所有真核细胞中，通过一种称为“反向剪接”的选择性剪接机制产生。这些分子通过充当基因和miRNA表达的调节剂而显示出多种功能，并且可能在几种生物学过程中发挥作用，例如细胞增殖和侵袭、肿瘤发展和进展以及其他疾病的几种潜在机制。它们的存在已被证明是丰富的几种体液，如血液和唾液。根据它们的生物发生机制，circRNA可分为5类：外显子circRNA、内含子circRNA、反义circRNA、正义重叠circRNA和基因间circRNA。最近，除了miRNA和长非编码RNA之外，还在称为外泌体的小细胞外囊泡中检测到circRNA的存在。研究血清外泌体circRNA的存在和表达水平可以使我们在未来区分癌症患者和健康个体，识别新的潜在的基于外泌体的癌症生物标志物。在本章中，我们将简要描述外泌体circRNA的主要特征和功能，讨论它们作为诊断、预后和监测的分子生物标志物的潜在作用。
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel family of non-coding endogenous RNAs discovered in all eukaryotic cells and generated through a particular mechanism of alternative splicing called "back-splicing". These molecules show multiple functions, by acting as modulators of gene and miRNA expression, and may have a role in several biological processes, such as cell proliferation and invasion with, tumour development and progression, and in several mechanisms underlying other diseases. Their presence has been shown to be abundant in several body fluids such as blood and saliva. Based on their biogenesis mechanism, circRNAs may be categorized into five classes: exonic circRNAs, intronic circRNAs, antisense circRNAs, sense overlapping circRNAs and intergenic circRNAs. Recently, the presence of circRNAs, in addition to that of miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, has been detected also in small extracellular vesicles called exosomes. Investigating the presence and expression levels of serum exosomal circRNAs could allow us, in future, to discriminate cancer patients from healthy individuals, identifying new potential exosome-based cancer biomarkers.In this chapter, we briefly will describe the major features and functions of exosomal circRNAs, discussing their potential role as molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring