Vernal freeze damage and genetic variation alter tree growth, chemistry, and insect interactions.
Vernal freeze damage and genetic variation alter tree growth, chemistry, and insect interactions.
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春季冻害和遗传变异会改变树木的生长、化学和昆虫相互作用。
DOI：
10.1111/pce.13042
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Lindroth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kennedy F. Rubert‐Nason;J. Couture;Elizabeth A Gryzmala;P. Townsend;R. Lindroth
温带地区气候变化的预期后果包括早春变暖，并伴有间歇性的严寒。温暖的天气会加速多年生木本植物的叶子枯萎，可能使脆弱的幼嫩组织暴露于破坏性的霜冻之下。我们采用 2 × 6 随机因子设计来研究硬木物种（欧洲山杨）的春季冻害和遗传变异之间的相互作用如何影响树木生长、植物化学以及与昆虫食草动物（Chaitophorus stevensis）的相互作用。冰冻的急性影响包括落叶和死亡。幸存的树木表现出生长减少和生物量分布改变。这些树上经过重新冲洗的叶子单位面积质量较低，木质素浓度较低，氮浓度较高，化学防御特征发生改变，并支持蚜虫种群更快的生长。许多影响因植物基因型而异，并且与草食动物的性能相关。这项研究表明，一次破坏性的春季冰冻事件可以通过影响植物生长和化学成分来改变树木与昆虫的相互作用。各种基因型对冻害的不同反应表明，更频繁的春季冻害事件也可能影响自然选择，有利于具有更强抗冻能力的树木，以及对遭受损害后的食草动物有更多的抵抗力或耐受力。
Anticipated consequences of climate change in temperate regions include early spring warmup punctuated by intermittent hard freezes. Warm weather accelerates leaf flush in perennial woody species, potentially exposing vulnerable young tissues to damaging frosts. We employed a 2 × 6 randomized factorial design to examine how the interplay of vernal (springtime) freeze damage and genetic variation in a hardwood species (Populus tremuloides) influences tree growth, phytochemistry, and interactions with an insect herbivore (Chaitophorus stevensis). Acute effects of freezing included defoliation and mortality. Surviving trees exhibited reduced growth and altered biomass distribution. Reflushed leaves on these trees had lower mass per area, lower lignin concentrations, and higher nitrogen concentrations, altered chemical defence profiles, and supported faster aphid population growth. Many effects varied among plant genotypes and were related with herbivore performance. This study suggests that a single damaging vernal freeze event can alter tree-insect interactions through effects on plant growth and chemistry. Differential responses of various genotypes to freeze damage suggest that more frequent vernal freeze events could also influence natural selection, favouring trees with greater freeze hardiness, and more resistance or tolerance to herbivores following damage.