Toward room-temperature nanoscale skyrmions in ultrathin films

Toward room-temperature nanoscale skyrmions in ultrathin films
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超薄膜中的室温纳米级斯格明子

DOI:
10.1038/s41524-020-00453-w
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
9.7
通讯作者:
P. Bessarab
P. Bessarab
中科院分区:
材料科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Anastasiia S. Varentcova;Stephan von Malottki;M. N. Potkina;G. Kwiatkowski;S. Heinze;P. Bessarab

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打破小尺寸和室温稳定性之间的两难困境,是基于天空的信息技术的必要前提。本文通过速率理论和原子自旋哈密顿量证明,在保持斯基米子尺寸不变的情况下,磁相互作用的协同变化可以增强超薄铁磁薄膜中孤立斯基米子的稳定性。我们预测在环境条件下,低于10纳米的skyrmions寿命可以达到数年的薄膜系统。由于阿伦尼乌斯指数前因子特别大,因而这种小粒子寿命长,而能量势垒的稳定作用在室温下不显著。由于斯基米子的磁振子模式的软化,从而增加了斯基米子相对于坍缩过渡态的熵,从而实现了指数前因子的急剧增加。增加skyrmions变形模式的数量应该是实现纳米级、室温稳定skyrmions的指导原则。
Breaking the dilemma between small size and room-temperature stability is a necessary prerequisite for skyrmion-based information technology. Here we demonstrate by means of rate theory and an atomistic spin Hamiltonian that the stability of isolated skyrmions in ultrathin ferromagnetic films can be enhanced by the concerted variation of magnetic interactions while keeping the skyrmion size unchanged. We predict film systems where the lifetime of sub-10 nm skyrmions can reach years at ambient conditions. The long lifetime of such small skyrmions is due to exceptionally large Arrhenius pre-exponential factor and the stabilizing effect of the energy barrier is insignificant at room temperature. A dramatic increase in the pre-exponential factor is achieved thanks to the softening of magnon modes of the skyrmion, thereby increasing the entropy of the skyrmion with respect to the transition state for collapse. Increasing the number of skyrmion deformation modes should be a guiding principle for the realization of nanoscale, room-temperature stable skyrmions.
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