Role of microRNAs in skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
Role of microRNAs in skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
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DOI：
10.3389/fphys.2013.00408
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Tsuchida K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hitachi K;Tsuchida K
骨骼肌约占体重的40%，对运动和代谢平衡都很重要。成人骨骼肌质量通过肌肉蛋白质合成和降解之间的良好平衡来维持。响应于细胞因子、营养物和机械刺激，骨骼肌质量增加（肥大），而在各种条件下骨骼肌质量减少（萎缩），包括癌症恶病质、饥饿、固定、衰老和神经肌肉疾病。最近的研究已经确定了两个重要的信号通路参与骨骼肌质量。胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）/Akt途径通过刺激蛋白质合成和抑制蛋白质降解来增加骨骼肌质量。相比之下，肌肉生长抑制素信号通过减少蛋白质合成来负调节骨骼肌质量。此外，发现microRNA作为新的基因表达调控因子，为许多生物学过程提供了新的见解，特别是在骨骼肌生理学中。本文就microRNA在骨骼肌肥大调控中的作用进行综述，重点介绍了IGF-1/Akt信号通路和肌生长抑制素信号通路。
Skeletal muscle comprises approximately 40% of body weight, and is important for locomotion, as well as for metabolic homeostasis. Adult skeletal muscle mass is maintained by a fine balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation. In response to cytokines, nutrients, and mechanical stimuli, skeletal muscle mass is increased (hypertrophy), whereas skeletal muscle mass is decreased (atrophy) in a variety of conditions, including cancer cachexia, starvation, immobilization, aging, and neuromuscular disorders. Recent studies have determined two important signaling pathways involved in skeletal muscle mass. The insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)/Akt pathway increases skeletal muscle mass via stimulation of protein synthesis and inhibition of protein degradation. By contrast, myostatin signaling negatively regulates skeletal muscle mass by reducing protein synthesis. In addition, the discovery of microRNAs as novel regulators of gene expression has provided new insights into a multitude of biological processes, especially in skeletal muscle physiology. We summarize here the current knowledge of microRNAs in the regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, focusing on the IGF-1/Akt pathway and myostatin signaling.