Strong historical and ongoing indigenous marine governance in the northeast Pacific Ocean: a case study of the Kitasoo/Xai'xais First Nation
Strong historical and ongoing indigenous marine governance in the northeast Pacific Ocean: a case study of the Kitasoo/Xai'xais First Nation
复制标题
DOI：
10.5751/es-11091-240410
复制
发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Neasloss, Doug
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ban, Natalie;Wilson, Emma;Neasloss, Doug
人们日益认识到土著海洋治理在海洋管理和养护方面的重要作用，但大多数例子都发生在热带太平洋和大洋洲。我们展示了加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的Kitasoo/Xai'xais人强有力的持续海洋治理。我们与Kitasoo/Xai'xais管理局合作，综合了Kitasoo/Xai'xais人在其遗产数据库中整理的有关海洋治理的信息，该数据库汇编了知识持有者的访谈和录音，传统故事和历史文件，例如，探险家和人类学家的期刊。我们发现，Kitasoo/Xai'xais海洋治理是可持续资源利用的基础，尽管有殖民主义者的破坏，但它仍然很强大。Kitasoo/Xai'xais海洋治理源于其土著法律的基本原则，这些原则指导着传统领土上的所有行动。Kitasoo/Xai'xais人的社会机构是实施海洋治理的机制：重要的是，世袭酋长在管理海洋方面负有关键责任，嵌入在特定地方的所有权中，通过名字和故事传递。Kitasoo/Xai'xais协议的存在是为了尊重他们的领土，其他国家的领土，以及被收获的植物和动物。不按照Kitasoo/Xai'xais的基本原则获取和分享海洋资源会产生自然和精神后果，包括无法获取。当代海洋治理的例子包括Kitasoo/Xai'xais管理局的工作、由世袭酋长和长老指导的食用鱼委员会以及每个人保护其领土免受外部威胁的行动。鉴于全球努力承认土著权利，存在着改变海洋管理以充分承认土著海洋治理和领导的机会。
Indigenous marine governance is increasingly recognized as having a crucial role in marine management and conservation, yet most examples are from the tropical Pacific and Oceania. We showcase strong and ongoing marine governance by the Kitasoo/Xai'xais people of British Columbia, Canada. In partnership with the Kitasoo/Xai'xais Stewardship Authority, we synthesized information about marine governance by the Kitasoo/Xai'xais people as collated in their Heritage Database, a compilation of interviews and recordings with knowledge holders, traditional stories, and historical documents, e.g., journals of explorers and anthropologists. We found that Kitasoo/Xai'xais marine governance underpinned sustainable resource use and has remained strong despite colonial efforts to undermine it. Kitasoo/Xai'xais marine governance flows from the underlying principles of their indigenous law that guide all actions in the traditional territory. The social institutions of the Kitasoo/Xai'xais people are the mechanism for implementing marine governance: Importantly, hereditary chiefs hold key responsibilities regarding management of the oceans, embedded in ownership of specific places, passed on through names and stories. Kitasoo/Xai'xais protocols exist for respecting their territories, those of other nations, and the plants and animals being harvested. There are natural and spiritual consequences for not accessing and sharing marine resources in a way that follows Kitasoo/Xai'xais underlying principles, including loss of access. Contemporary examples of marine governance include the work of Kitasoo/Xai'xais Stewardship Authority, the Food Fish Committee guided by hereditary chiefs and elders, and everyone's actions to defend their territory from external threats. Given global efforts to recognize indigenous rights, an opportunity exists to change ocean management to fully recognize indigenous marine governance and leadership.